TY - JOUR
TI - Venous thromboembolism after esophagectomy for cancer: a systematic review of the literature to evaluate incidence, risk factors, and prophylaxis
AU - Theochari, N.A.
AU - Theochari, C.A.
AU - Kokkinidis, D.G.
AU - Kechagias, A.
AU - Lyros, O.
AU - Giannopoulos, S.
AU - Mantziari, S.
AU - Schizas, D.
JO - Cataract & Refractive Surgery Today
PY - 2022
VL - 52
TODO - 2
SP - 171-181
PB - Springer-Verlag
SN - null
TODO - 10.1007/s00595-021-02260-2
TODO - adverse event;  aged;  esophagus resection;  esophagus tumor;  female;  human;  incidence;  male;  middle aged;  postoperative complication;  risk factor;  venous thromboembolism, Aged;  Esophageal Neoplasms;  Esophagectomy;  Female;  Humans;  Incidence;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Postoperative Complications;  Risk Factors;  Venous Thromboembolism
TODO - Purpose: Although esophagectomy remains the preferred treatment for esophageal cancer, it is still associated with a number of complications, including post-operative venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to summarize the reported incidence of VTE after esophagectomy, its risk factors, and prevention strategies. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were selected in the present review. Overall, we identified 9768 patients who underwent esophagectomy, with a post-operative VTE rate of 4% (440 patients). The reported risk factors for VTE included advanced age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III or IV, a history of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, and the implementation of preoperative chemo-radiotherapy. Postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome was also associated with VTE. No universally applied prevention strategies for VTE after esophagectomy were identified in the literature. Conclusions: Despite advances in perioperative care, VTE after esophagectomy still represents a source of morbidity for about 4% of patients. Low molecular weight heparin is suggested as the routine standard prophylactic regimen after esophageal cancer surgery. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ER -