TY - JOUR TI - John Watson (1807–1863) and his Pioneer Work On the Surgery of Esophagus AU - Laios, K. AU - Schizas, D. AU - Tsoucalas, G. AU - Androutsos, G. AU - Karamanou, M. JO - Surgical Innovation PY - 2021 VL - 28 TODO - 5 SP - 651-653 PB - SAGE Publications Inc. SN - 1553-3506, 1553-3514 TODO - 10.1177/15533506211008077 TODO - Article; bleeding; esophagotomy; esophagus disease; follow up; gastrotomy; gold standard; history of medicine; human; perioperative period; physician; postoperative complication; sternocleidomastoid muscle; surgeon; surgical technique; tracheotomy; esophagus; general surgery; history; male; surgeon, Esophagus; General Surgery; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Surgeons TODO - Backround. John Watson (1807-1863) was the first surgeon in USA who performed and published his results on esophagotomy. Methods. His pioneer surgical work was a gold standard reference for the later surgeons. Results. Watson was a devoted surgeon and his innovative operating techniques secured him a place in the hall of fame of the history of medicine. © The Author(s) 2021. ER -