TY - JOUR TI - Professor William Macewen (1848-1924): The Scottish Pioneer of Surgery AU - Laios, K. AU - Xanthoulis, P. AU - Mavrommatis, E. AU - Manes, K. AU - Karambas, V. AU - Androutsos, G. JO - Surgical Innovation PY - 2020 VL - 27 TODO - 4 SP - 406-409 PB - SAGE Publications Inc. SN - 1553-3506, 1553-3514 TODO - 10.1177/1553350620923503 TODO - article; career; general surgery; information center; male; medical photography; neurosurgery; osteotomy; thoracotomy; history; human; orthopedic surgery; Scotland; thorax surgery, History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Neurosurgery; Neurosurgical Procedures; Orthopedic Procedures; Scotland; Thoracic Surgery TODO - Professor William Macewen (1848-1924) is one of the most important figures in world’s surgery during 18th and early 19th century. He managed to provide numerous innovative techniques and instruments in various fields of surgery such as general surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and thoracic surgery. His innovations had a great impact after his time and constituted the fundaments for further surgical developments. He also was a pioneer in clinical photography with the creation of a huge archive. During his surgical career, he received many honors. © The Author(s) 2020. ER -