TY - JOUR TI - Clinical indications for image guided interventional procedures in the musculoskeletal system: a Delphi-based consensus paper from the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR)—part III, nerves of the upper limb AU - Sconfienza, L.M. AU - Adriaensen, M. AU - Albano, D. AU - Allen, G. AU - Aparisi Gómez, M.P. AU - Bazzocchi, A. AU - Beggs, I. AU - Bignotti, B. AU - Chianca, V. AU - Corazza, A. AU - Dalili, D. AU - De Dea, M. AU - del Cura, J.L. AU - Di Pietto, F. AU - Drakonaki, E. AU - Facal de Castro, F. AU - Filippiadis, D. AU - Gielen, J. AU - Gitto, S. AU - Gupta, H. AU - Klauser, A.S. AU - Lalam, R. AU - Martin, S. AU - Martinoli, C. AU - Mauri, G. AU - McCarthy, C. AU - McNally, E. AU - Melaki, K. AU - Messina, C. AU - Mirón Mombiela, R. AU - Neubauer, B. AU - Obradov, M. AU - Olchowy, C. AU - Orlandi, D. AU - Gonzalez, R.P. AU - Rutkauskas, S. AU - Snoj, Z. AU - Tagliafico, A.S. AU - Talaska, A. AU - Vasilevska-Nikodinovska, V. AU - Vucetic, J. AU - Wilson, D. AU - Zaottini, F. AU - Zappia, M. AU - Plagou, A. AU - on behalf of the Ultrasound AU - Interventional Subcommittees of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR) JO - European Radiology Experimental PY - 2020 VL - 30 TODO - 3 SP - 1498-1506 PB - Springer-Verlag SN - null TODO - 10.1007/s00330-019-06479-z TODO - corticosteroid, Article; brachial plexus anesthesia; carpal tunnel syndrome; cubital tunnel syndrome; echography; evidence based medicine; human; interventional ultrasonography; low level laser therapy; medical society; musculoskeletal system; priority journal; upper limb; carpal tunnel syndrome; computer assisted surgery; consensus; Delphi study; diagnostic imaging; echography; innervation; medical society; peripheral nerve; procedures; radiography; radiology, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Consensus; Delphi Technique; Humans; Peripheral Nerves; Radiography; Radiology; Societies, Medical; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Ultrasonography; Upper Extremity TODO - Background: Image-guided interventional procedures of the nerves are commonly performed by physicians from different medical specialties, although there is a lack of clinical indications for these types of procedures. This Delphi-based consensus provided a list of indications on image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb based on updated published evidence. Methods: An expert panel of 45 members of the Ultrasound and Interventional Subcommittees of the ESSR participated in this Delphi-based consensus study. After revision of the published papers on image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb updated to September 2018, the experts drafted a list of statements according to the Oxford Centre for evidence-based medicine levels of evidence. Consensus on statements regarding clinical indications was considered as strong when more than 95% of experts agreed, and broad if more than 80% agreed. Results: Ten statements were drafted on procedures for nerves of the upper limb. Only two statements reached the highest level of evidence (ultrasound guidance is a safe and effective method for brachial plexus block; ultrasound-guided non-surgical approaches are safe and effective methods to treat carpal tunnel syndrome in the short term, but there is sparse evidence on the mid- and long-term effectiveness of these interventions). Strong consensus was obtained on 6/10 statements (60%), while 4/10 statements reached broad consensus (40%). Conclusions: This Delphi-based consensus study reported poor evidence on image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb. Sixty percent of statements on clinical indications provided by the expert board reached a strong consensus. Key Points: • An expert panel of the ESSR provided 10 evidence-based statements on clinical indications for image-guided interventional procedures for nerves of the upper limb • Two statements reached the highest level of evidence • Strong consensus was obtained on 6/10 statements (60%), while 4/10 statements reached broad consensus (40%) © 2019, European Society of Radiology. ER -