TY - JOUR
TI - Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder
AU - Bauer, M.
AU - Glenn, T.
AU - Alda, M.
AU - Aleksandrovich, M.A.
AU - Andreassen, O.A.
AU - Angelopoulos, E.
AU - Ardau, R.
AU - Ayhan, Y.
AU - Baethge, C.
AU - Bharathram, S.R.
AU - Bauer, R.
AU - Baune, B.T.
AU - Becerra-Palars, C.
AU - Bellivier, F.
AU - Belmaker, R.H.
AU - Berk, M.
AU - Bersudsky, Y.
AU - Bicakci, Ş.
AU - Birabwa-Oketcho, H.
AU - Bjella, T.D.
AU - Bossini, L.
AU - Cabrera, J.
AU - Cheung, E.Y.W.
AU - Del Zompo, M.
AU - Dodd, S.
AU - Donix, M.
AU - Etain, B.
AU - Fagiolini, A.
AU - Fountoulakis, K.N.
AU - Frye, M.A.
AU - Gonzalez-Pinto, A.
AU - Gottlieb, J.F.
AU - Grof, P.
AU - Harima, H.
AU - Henry, C.
AU - Isometsä, E.T.
AU - Janno, S.
AU - Kapczinski, F.
AU - Kardell, M.
AU - Khaldi, S.
AU - Kliwicki, S.
AU - König, B.
AU - Kot, T.L.
AU - Krogh, R.
AU - Kunz, M.
AU - Lafer, B.
AU - Landén, M.
AU - Larsen, E.R.
AU - Lewitzka, U.
AU - Licht, R.W.
AU - Lopez-Jaramillo, C.
AU - MacQueen, G.
AU - Manchia, M.
AU - Marsh, W.
AU - Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, M.
AU - Melle, I.
AU - Meza-Urzúa, F.
AU - Yee Ming, M.
AU - Monteith, S.
AU - Morken, G.
AU - Mosca, E.
AU - Munoz, R.
AU - Mythri, S.V.
AU - Nacef, F.
AU - Nadella, R.K.
AU - Nery, F.G.
AU - Nielsen, R.E.
AU - O'Donovan, C.
AU - Omrani, A.
AU - Osher, Y.
AU - Østermark Sørensen, H.
AU - Ouali, U.
AU - Pica Ruiz, Y.
AU - Pilhatsch, M.
AU - Pinna, M.
AU - da Ponte, F.D.R.
AU - Quiroz, D.
AU - Ramesar, R.
AU - Rasgon, N.
AU - Reddy, M.S.
AU - Reif, A.
AU - Ritter, P.
AU - Rybakowski, J.K.
AU - Sagduyu, K.
AU - Scippa, Â.M.
AU - Severus, E.
AU - Simhandl, C.
AU - Stein, D.J.
AU - Strejilevich, S.
AU - Subramaniam, M.
AU - Sulaiman, A.H.
AU - Suominen, K.
AU - Tagata, H.
AU - Tatebayashi, Y.
AU - Tondo, L.
AU - Torrent, C.
AU - Vaaler, A.E.
AU - Veeh, J.
AU - Vieta, E.
AU - Viswanath, B.
AU - Yoldi-Negrete, M.
AU - Zetin, M.
AU - Zgueb, Y.
AU - Whybrow, P.C.
JO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
PY - 2017
VL - 136
TODO - 6
SP - 571-582
PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd
SN - 0001-690X, 1600-0447
TODO - 10.1111/acps.12772
TODO - adult;  Article;  bipolar I disorder;  cohort analysis;  depression;  family history;  female;  human;  major clinical study;  male;  mania;  Northern Hemisphere;  onset age;  priority journal;  solar insolation;  solar radiation;  Southern Hemisphere;  spring;  adolescent;  Africa;  Asia;  astronomy;  Australia;  bipolar disorder;  electromagnetic radiation;  Europe;  international cooperation;  middle aged;  North America;  onset age;  season;  South America;  sunlight;  young adult, Adolescent;  Adult;  Africa;  Age of Onset;  Asia;  Australia;  Bipolar Disorder;  Electromagnetic Radiation;  Europe;  Female;  Humans;  Internationality;  Male;  Middle Aged;  North America;  Seasons;  Solar System;  South America;  Sunlight;  Young Adult
TODO - Objective: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder. Method: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density. Results: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001). Conclusion: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
ER -