TY - JOUR
TI - Clinical and echocardiographic correlates of serum copper and zinc in acute and chronic heart failure
AU - Alexanian, I.
AU - Parissis, J.
AU - Farmakis, D.
AU - Athanaselis, S.
AU - Pappas, L.
AU - Gavrielatos, G.
AU - Mihas, C.
AU - Paraskevaidis, I.
AU - Sideris, A.
AU - Kremastinos, D.
AU - Spiliopoulou, C.
AU - Anastasiou-Nana, M.
AU - Lekakis, J.
AU - Filippatos, G.
JO - Clinical Research in Cardiology
PY - 2014
VL - 103
TODO - 11
SP - 938-949
PB - Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH and Co. KG
SN - 1861-0684, 1861-0692
TODO - 10.1007/s00392-014-0735-x
TODO - biological marker;  copper;  zinc, acute disease;  aged;  blood;  case control study;  chronic disease;  comparative study;  Doppler echocardiography;  echography;  female;  Greece;  heart failure;  heart stroke volume;  human;  male;  middle aged;  multivariate analysis;  pathophysiology;  physiology;  procedures;  prognosis;  retrospective study;  sensitivity and specificity;  statistical model;  very elderly, Acute Disease;  Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Biological Markers;  Case-Control Studies;  Chronic Disease;  Copper;  Echocardiography, Doppler;  Female;  Greece;  Heart Failure;  Humans;  Linear Models;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Multivariate Analysis;  Prognosis;  Retrospective Studies;  Sensitivity and Specificity;  Stroke Volume;  Zinc
TODO - Aim: Emerging evidence suggests a pathophysiological role of micronutrient dyshomeostasis in heart failure, including promotion of adverse remodeling and clinical deterioration. We sought to evaluate serum copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) levels in acute (AHF) and chronic (CHF) heart failure.
Methods: We studied 125 patients, 71 % male, aged 69 ± 11 years, 37 % with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≥40 %) (HFPEF), including 81 with AHF and 44 with CHF; 21 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum Cu and Zn levels were determined using air–acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Results: Serum Cu levels were significantly higher in AHF (p = 0.006) and CHF (p = 0.002) patients compared to controls after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities, whereas they did not differ between AHF and CHF (p = 0.840). Additionally, serum Cu in patients with LVEF <40 % was significantly higher compared to both controls (p < 0.001) and HFPEF patients (p = 0.003). Serum Zn was significantly lower in AHF (p < 0.001) and CHF (p = 0.039) compared to control after adjusting for the above-mentioned variables. Moreover, serum Zn was significantly lower in AHF than in CHF (p = 0.015). In multiple linear regression, LVEF (p = 0.033) and E/e ratio (p = 0.006) were independent predictors of serum Cu in total heart failure population, while NYHA class (p < 0.001) and E/e ratio (p = 0.007) were independent predictors of serum Zn.
Conclusion: Serum Cu was increased both in AHF and CHF and correlated with LV systolic and diastolic function. Serum Zn, in contrast, was decreased both in AHF and CHF and independently predicted by clinical status and LV diastolic function. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
ER -