TY - JOUR
TI - Molecular investigation of menstrual tissue for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis collected by women with a history of infertility
AU - Michou, I.V.
AU - Constantoulakis, P.
AU - Makarounis, K.
AU - Georgoulias, G.
AU - Kapetanios, V.
AU - Tsilivakos, V.
JO - Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
PY - 2014
VL - 40
TODO - 1
SP - 237-242
PB - Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia
SN - 1341-8076, 1447-0756
TODO - 10.1111/jog.12165
TODO - adult;  article;  bacterium culture;  bacterium detection;  Chlamydia trachomatis;  chlamydiasis;  controlled study;  diagnostic kit;  diagnostic test accuracy study;  female;  female infertility;  gold standard;  human;  human tissue;  immunofluorescence test;  intermethod comparison;  major clinical study;  medical history;  menstruation;  Mycoplasma hominis;  Mycoplasma hominis infection;  nonhuman;  polymerase chain reaction;  polymerase chain reaction system;  prevalence;  screening;  Ureaplasma infection;  Ureaplasma urealyticum;  uterine cervix mucus;  vaginal secretion, Chlamydia trachomatis;  infertility;  menstrual tissue;  Mycoplasma hominis;  sexually transmitted infection;  Ureaplasma urealyticum, Adult;  Cervix Uteri;  Chlamydia Infections;  Chlamydia trachomatis;  DNA, Bacterial;  Endometrium;  Female;  Greece;  Humans;  Infertility, Female;  Menstruation;  Molecular Typing;  Mycoplasma hominis;  Mycoplasma Infections;  Polymerase Chain Reaction;  Prevalence;  Reproductive Tract Infections;  Ureaplasma Infections;  Ureaplasma urealyticum;  Vagina
TODO - Aim: At present, routine laboratory investigation of the infectious agents implicated in female genital infections is mainly based on culture/direct fluorescence antibody (DFA) (immunofluorescence antibody test) results of cervicovaginal secretions. In this study the use of the menstrual tissue is introduced for the molecular detection of pathogens which are implicated in female infertility. Material and Methods: Cervicovaginal secretions and menstrual tissue samples of 87 women (mean age 34.07 ± 5.17) experiencing infertility problems were screened for Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis presence using polymerase chain reaction (PCR, light cycler-PCR). Cervicovaginal secretions were also tested by the culture/DFA technique. The results were compared using the binomial test. Results: In the overall study group, the prevalence of C. trachomatis was 25.3%, 18.3%, and 13.8%, the prevalence of U. urealyticum was 18.3%, 16.09% and 12.6% and the prevalence of M. hominis was 13.7%, 19.5% and 8.0% in the menstrual tissue, cervicovaginal secretions using PCR and cervicovaginal secretions culture/DFA, respectively. A statistically significant difference was revealed between the two methods for all three microbes and between menstrual tissue and cervicovaginal secretions PCR for chlamydia. Conclusions: The use of menstrual tissue along with the PCR method seems to be an effective and thus novel alternative for the investigation of the infectious agents lying in the genital tract. One of the main advantages of this technique compared to cervicovaginal secretions is that it is non-invasive and the sample can be collected at home, thus allowing the early detection and treatment of a condition that can otherwise lead to serious consequences, such as tubal obstruction, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortions and unexplained infertility. © 2013 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
ER -