TY - JOUR
TI - Combined expression of p53, Bcl-2, and p21WAF-1 proteins in lung cancer and premalignant lesions: Association with clinical characteristics
AU - Kalomenidis, I.
AU - Orphanidou, D.
AU - Papamichalis, G.
AU - Vassilakopoulos, T.
AU - Skorilas, A.
AU - Rasidakis, A.
AU - Papastamatiou, H.
AU - Jordanoglou, J.
AU - Roussos, C.
JO - Translational Lung Cancer Research
PY - 2001
VL - 179
TODO - 5
SP - 265-278
PB - 
SN - null
TODO - 10.1007/s004080010067
TODO - protein bcl 2;  protein p21;  protein p53, adult;  aged;  article;  bronchoscopy;  cancer patient;  cancer staging;  cancer survival;  cigarette smoking;  clinical feature;  controlled study;  disease association;  disease severity;  female;  histopathology;  human;  human tissue;  hyperplasia;  large cell carcinoma;  lung adenocarcinoma;  lung dysplasia;  lung non small cell cancer;  lung small cell cancer;  lung squamous cell carcinoma;  major clinical study;  male;  precancer;  prediction;  priority journal;  prognosis;  protein determination;  protein expression;  squamous cell metaplasia, Aged;  Aged, 80 and over;  Bronchi;  Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung;  Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21;  Cyclins;  Enzyme Inhibitors;  Female;  Humans;  Immunohistochemistry;  Lung Neoplasms;  Male;  Middle Aged;  Precancerous Conditions;  Prognosis;  Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2;  Smoking;  Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
TODO - We examined p53, p21WAF-1, and Bcl-2 protein expression in malignant and nonmalignant bronchial specimens obtained during bronchoscopy from 60 lung cancer patients. Twenty-six (43.3%), 36 (60%), and 20 (33.3%) of the tumors were p53, p21WAF-1, and Bcl-2 positive, respectively. High-level p53 and Bcl-2 expression characterized advanced preneoplastic lesions, while hyperplasias, squamous metaplasias, and mild dysplasias exhibited low levels of expression. There was no difference between early and advanced preneoplastic lesions in the level of p21WAf-1, expression. A history of heavy smoking was associated with p21WAF-1, expression in preneoplastic lesions (p = 0.022) and tumors (p = 0.032). p53(-)/p21WAF-1(+ +)/bcl-2(-) was the only significant independent predictor of lower clinical stage (OR: 0.88, p = 0.038). In univariate analysis, survival of NSCLC patients was affected by disease stage (p < 0.001) and tumor histology (p = 0.018). While single-protein expression was not associated with prognosis, the combined immunophenotype p53(-)/p21WAF-1(+ +)/bcl-2(-) predicted longer survival (p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, only the TNM stage was found to be a prognostic factor for NSCLC. We conclude that p53 and Bcl-2 alterations may happen early in bronchial carcinogenesis and that absence of these alterations in combination with p21WAF-1, overexpression may be associated with a less aggressive tumor behavior.
ER -