TY - JOUR
TI - Mechanism of sodium loss with muscle sodium deficiency in sodium
supplemented and unsupplemented subjects during hypokinesia
AU - Deogenes, Kyrill G.
AU - Tsiarnis, Costas B.
AU - Kakuris, Kostas K. and
AU - Deogenov, Viktor A.
AU - Yerullis, Kosmas B.
JO - Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)
PY - 2008
VL - 46
TODO - 1
SP - 100-106
PB - Walter de Gruyter GmbH
SN - null
TODO - 10.1515/CCLM.2008.009
TODO - cell injury; energy deficiency; enzyme deficiency; hypovolemia; ion
transport changes; muscle sodium deficiency; physical inactivity
TODO - Background: This study aims at showing the effect of hypokinesia (HK) on
sodium (Na+) loss with different muscle Na+ deficiency and different Na+
intake. Muscle Na+ content, plasma Na+ level and Na+ loss with and
without Na+ supplementation were measured.
Methods: This study was conducted on 40 healthy male volunteers during a
pre-experimental and an experimental period. Subjects were equally
divided into four groups: unsupplemented active control subjects (UACS),
unsupplemented hypokinetic subjects (UHKS), supplemented active control
subjects (SACS) and supplemented hypokinetic subjects (SHKS). A daily
supplementation of 3.21 mmol of sodium chloride (NaCl) per kg body
weight was given to subjects in the SACS and SHKS groups.
Results: Muscle Na+ content levels decreased and plasma Na+ levels, and
levels of Na+ loss in urine and feces increased (p < 0.05) in the SHKS
and UHKS groups compared to their pre-experimental values and the values
in the respective active control groups (SACS and UACS). However, muscle
Na+ content levels decreased more (p < 0.05), and plasma Na+ levels and
levels of Na+ loss in urine and feces increased more (p < 0.05) in the
SHKS group than in the UHKS group.
Conclusions: The greater muscle Na+ deficiency with higher than lower
Na+ consumption shows that the risk of greater muscle Na+ deficiency is
directly related to Na+ consumption. The higher Na+ loss with higher
than lower muscle Na+ deficiency shows that the risk of greater muscle
Na+ loss is directly related to muscle Na+ deficiency. It is concluded
that muscle Na+ deficiency is more evident when Na+ consumption is
higher and that muscle Na+ loss was more exacerbated with higher than
lower muscle Na+ deficiency indicating that during prolonged HK the
muscle Na+ deficiency is due to the inability of the body to use Na+,
but not to Na+ shortage in diet.
ER -