TY - JOUR
TI - Dietary intake of iron, heme-iron and magnesium and pancreatic cancer
risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
cohort
AU - Molina-Montes, Esther
AU - Wark, Petra A.
AU - Sanchez, Maria-Jose and
AU - Norat, Teresa
AU - Jakszyn, Paula
AU - Lujan-Barroso, Leila
AU - Michaud,
AU - Dominique S.
AU - Crowe, Francesca
AU - Allen, Naomi
AU - Khaw, Kay-Tee and
AU - Wareham, Nicholas
AU - Trichopoulou, Antonia
AU - Adarakis, George and
AU - Katarachia, Helen
AU - Skeie, Guri
AU - Henningsen, Maria
AU - Broderstad,
AU - Ann Ragnhild
AU - Berrino, Franco
AU - Tumino, Rosario
AU - Palli, Domenico
AU - and Mattiello, Amalia
AU - Vineis, Paolo
AU - Amiano, Pilar and
AU - Barricarte, Aurelio
AU - Huerta, Jose-Maria
AU - Duell, Eric J. and
AU - Quiros, Jose-Ramon
AU - Ye, Weimin
AU - Sund, Malin
AU - Lindkvist, Bjorn
AU - and Johansen, Dorthe
AU - Overvad, Kim
AU - Tjonneland, Anne
AU - Roswall,
AU - Nina
AU - Li, Kuanrong
AU - Grote, Verena A.
AU - Steffen, Annika and
AU - Boeing, Heiner
AU - Racine, Antoine
AU - Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
AU - and Carbonnel, Franck
AU - Peeters, Petra H. M.
AU - Siersema, Peter D.
AU - and Fedirko, Veronika
AU - Jenab, Mazda
AU - Riboli, Elio and
AU - Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bas
JO - International Journal  of Cancer
PY - 2012
VL - 131
TODO - 7
SP - E1134-E1147
PB - Wiley
SN - 0020-7136
TODO - 10.1002/ijc.27547
TODO - diet; magnesium; iron; nutrients; pancreatic cancer; cohort;
epidemiology
TODO - Several studies support a protective effect of dietary magnesium against
type 2 diabetes, but a harmful effect for iron. As diabetes has been
linked to pancreatic cancer, intake of these nutrients may be also
associated with this cancer. We examined the association between dietary
intake of magnesium, total iron and heme-iron and pancreatic cancer risk
in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
(EPIC) cohort. In total, 142,203 men and 334,999 women, recruited
between 1992 and 2000, were included. After an average follow-up of 11.3
years, 396 men and 469 women developed exocrine pancreatic cancer.
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using
Cox regression stratified by age and center, and adjusted for energy
intake, smoking status, height, weight, and self-reported diabetes
status. Neither intake of magnesium, total iron nor heme-iron was
associated with pancreatic cancer risk. In stratified analyses, a
borderline inverse association was observed among overweight men (body
mass index, =25 kg/m2) with magnesium (HRper 100 mg/day increase = 0.79,
95% CI = 0.631.01) although this was less apparent using calibrated
intake. In female smokers, a higher intake of heme-iron was associated
with a higher pancreatic cancer risk (HR per 1 mg/day increase = 1.38,
95% CI = 1.101.74). After calibration, this risk increased
significantly to 2.5-fold (95% CI = 1.225.28). Overall, dietary
magnesium, total iron and heme-iron were not associated with pancreatic
cancer risk during the follow-up period. Our observation that heme-iron
was associated with increased pancreatic cancer risk in female smokers
warrants replication in additional study populations.
ER -