TY - JOUR
TI - Coronary artery ectasia and inflammatory cytokines: Link with a
predominant Th-2 immune response?
AU - Triantafyllis, Andreas S.
AU - Kalogeropoulos, Andreas S.
AU - Rigopoulos,
AU - Angelos G.
AU - Sakadakis, Eleftherios A.
AU - Toumpoulis, Ioannis K. and
AU - Tsikrikas, Spyridon
AU - Kremastinos, Dimitrios T.
AU - Rizos, Ioannis
JO - Cytokine
PY - 2013
VL - 64
TODO - 1
SP - 427-432
PB - ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
SN - 1043-4666, 1096-0023
TODO - 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.003
TODO - Coronary artery ectasia; Inflammation; Cytokines; T-helper lymphocytes;
Coronary artery disease
TODO - Objective: The role of inflammation in coronary artery ectasia (CAE)
remains controversial. We evaluated the hypothesis that CAE might be
associated with a specific pattern of T helper (Th) lymphocyte
activation by measuring the Th-1 cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the
Th-2 cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in
patients with CAE, obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and
controls.
Methods: Serum levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 were measured in 74
patients undergoing an elective cardiac catheterization due to angina
pectoris and positive or equivocal non-invasive screening for cardiac
ischaemia: 34 had CAE and non-obstructive CAD (Group A), 22 had
obstructive CAD (Group B) and 18 had normal coronaries (Group C).
Results: Group A had significantly higher IL-4 than Group B and Group C
(p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). In contrast, Group A had
markedly lower IL-2 than Group B and Group C (p < 0.001 for both
comparisons). Group C had higher IL-4 and lower IL-2 than Group B (p <
0.001 for both comparisons). Interleukin-6 was significantly higher in
Groups A and B compared to Group C (p < 0.001 for both comparisons),
whilst it was comparable between Group A and Group B. Multivariate
logistic regression analysis showed that higher levels of IL-4 and lower
levels of IL-2 were the strongest independent predictors associated with
CAE (OR: 3.846, CI: 1.677-8.822, p = 0.001 and OR: 0.567, Cl:
0.387-0.831, p = 0.004, respectively).
Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that Th-2 immune response, exhibited
through increased IL-4 and low IL-2, constitutes a fundamental feature
of CAE. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ER -