TY - JOUR
TI - Risk factors for head and neck cancer in young adults: a pooled analysis
in the INHANCE consortium
AU - Toporcov, Tatiana Natasha
AU - Znaor, Ariana
AU - Zhang, Zuo-Feng
AU - Yu,
AU - Guo-Pei
AU - Winn, Deborah M.
AU - Wei, Qingyi
AU - Vilensky, Marta and
AU - Vaughan, Thomas
AU - Thomson, Peter
AU - Talamini, Renato and
AU - Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila
AU - Sturgis, Erich M.
AU - Smith, Elaine and
AU - Shangina, Oxana
AU - Schwartz, Stephen M.
AU - Schantz, Stimson and
AU - Rudnai, Peter
AU - Richiardi, Lorenzo
AU - Ramroth, Heribert
AU - Purdue,
AU - Mark P.
AU - Olshan, Andrew F.
AU - Eluf-Neto, Jose
AU - Muscat, Joshua and
AU - Moyses, Raquel Ajub
AU - Morgenstern, Hal
AU - Menezes, Ana
AU - McClean,
AU - Michael
AU - Matsuo, Keitaro
AU - Mates, Dana
AU - Macfarlane, Tatiana V.
AU - and Lissowska, Jolanta
AU - Levi, Fabio
AU - Lazarus, Philip
AU - La
AU - Vecchia, Carlo
AU - Lagiou, Pagona
AU - Koifman, Sergio
AU - Kjaerheim,
AU - Kristina
AU - Kelsey, Karl
AU - Holcatova, Ivana
AU - Herrero, Rolando and
AU - Healy, Claire
AU - Hayes, Richard B.
AU - Franceschi, Silvia and
AU - Fernandez, Leticia
AU - Fabianova, Eleonora
AU - Daudt, Alexander W. and
AU - Curioni, Otavio Alberto
AU - Dal Maso, Luigino
AU - Curado, Maria Paula
AU - and Conway, David I.
AU - Chen, Chu
AU - Castellsague, Xavier
AU - Canova,
AU - Cristina
AU - Cadoni, Gabriella
AU - Brennan, Paul
AU - Boccia, Stefania
AU - and Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira
AU - Ahrens, Wolfgang
AU - Agudo,
AU - Antonio
AU - Boffetta, Paolo
AU - Hashibe, Mia
AU - Lee, Yuan-Chin Amy and
AU - Wuensch Filho, Victor
JO - International Journal of Epidemiology
PY - 2015
VL - 44
TODO - 1
SP - 169-185
PB - Oxford University Press
SN - 0300-5771, 1464-3685
TODO - 10.1093/ije/dyu255
TODO - Head and neck neoplasms; adult; smoking; alcohol drinking; diet
TODO - Background: Increasing incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC) in young
adults has been reported. We aimed to compare the role of major risk
factors and family history of cancer in HNC in young adults and older
patients.
Methods: We pooled data from 25 case-control studies and conducted
separate analyses for adults <= 45 years old (’young adults’, 2010 cases
and 4042 controls) and > 45 years old (’older adults’, 17 700 cases and
22 704 controls). Using logistic regression with studies treated as
random effects, we estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95%
confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: The young group of cases had a higher proportion of oral tongue
cancer (16.0% in women; 11.0% in men) and unspecified oral cavity /
oropharynx cancer (16.2%; 11.1%) and a lower proportion of larynx
cancer (12.1%; 16.6%) than older adult cases. The proportions of never
smokers or never drinkers among female cases were higher than among male
cases in both age groups. Positive associations with HNC and duration or
pack-years of smoking and drinking were similar across age groups.
However, the attributable fractions (AFs) for smoking and drinking were
lower in young when compared with older adults (AFs for smoking in young
women, older women, young men and older men, respectively, =19.9% (95%
CI = 9.8%, 27.9%), 48.9% (46.6%, 50.8%), 46.2% (38.5%, 52.5%),
64.3% (62.2%, 66.4%); AFs for drinking = 5.3% (-11.2%, 18.0%),
20.0% (14.5%, 25.0%), 21.5% (5.0%, 34.9%) and 50.4% (46.1%,
54.3%). A family history of early-onset cancer was associated with HNC
risk in the young [OR = 2.27 (95% CI = 1.26, 4.10)], but not in the
older adults [OR = 1.10 (0.91, 1.31)]. The attributable fraction for
family history of early-onset cancer was 23.2% (8.60% to 31.4%) in
young compared with 2.20% (-2 .41%, 5.80%) in older adults.
Conclusions: Differences in HNC aetiology according to age group may
exist. The lower AF of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in young
adults may be due to the reduced length of exposure due to the lower
age. Other characteristics, such as those that are inherited, may play a
more important role in HNC in young adults compared with older adults.
ER -