TY - JOUR
TI - Prenatal and childhood traffic-related air pollution exposure and
childhood executive function and behavior
AU - Harris, Maria H.
AU - Gold, Diane R.
AU - Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L. and
AU - Melly, Steven J.
AU - Zanobetti, Antonella
AU - Coull, Brent A. and
AU - Schwartz, Joel D.
AU - Gryparis, Alexandros
AU - Kloog, Itai and
AU - Koutrakis, Petros
AU - Bellinger, David C.
AU - Belfort, Mandy B. and
AU - Webster, Thomas F.
AU - White, Roberta F.
AU - Sagiv, Sharon K.
AU - Oken,
AU - Emily
JO - Neurotoxicology and Teratology
PY - 2016
VL - 57
TODO - null
SP - 60-70
PB - PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
SN - 0892-0362
TODO - 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.06.008
TODO - Traffic; Air pollution; Black carbon; Executive function;
Neurodevelopment
TODO - Background: Traffic-related air pollution exposure may influence brain
development and function and thus be related to neurobehavioral problems
in children, but-little is known about windows of susceptibility.
Aims: Examine associations of gestational and childhood exposure to
traffic-related pollution with executive function and behavior problems
in children.
Methods: We studied associations of pre- and postnatal pollution
exposures with neurobehavioral outcomes in 1212 children in the Project
Viva pre-birth cohort followed to mid-childhood (median age 7.7 years).
Parents and classroom teachers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory
of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire (SDQ). Using validated spatiotemporal models, we estimated
exposure to black carbon (BC) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the
third trimester of pregnancy, from birth to 3 years, from birth to 6
years, and in the year before behavioral ratings. We also measured
residential distance to major roadways and near-residence traffic
density at birth and-in mid-childhood. We estimated associations of BC,
PM2.5, and other traffic exposure measures with BRIEF and SDQ scores,
adjusted for potential confounders.
Results: Higher childhood BC exposure was associated with higher
teacher-rated BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) scores, indicating
greater problems: 1.0 points (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 2.1)
per interquartile range (IQR) increase in birth-age 6 BC, and 1.7 points
(95% CI: 0.6, 2.8) for BC in the year prior to behavioral ratings. Mid
childhood residential traffic density was also associated with BRI score
(0.6, 95% CI: 0.1,1.1). Birth-age 3 BC was not associated with BRIEF or
SDQscores. Third trimester BC exposure was not associated with
teacher-rated BRI scores ( -0.2, 95% CI: -1.1, 0.8), and predicted
lower scores (fewer problems) on the BRIEF Metacognition Index (-1.2,
95% CI: -2.2, -0.2) and SDQ total difficulties (-0.9, 95% CI: -1.4,
-0.4). PM2.5 exposure was associated with teacher-rated BRIEF and
SDQscores in minimally adjusted models but associations attenuated with
covariate adjustment. None of the parent-rated outcomes suggested
adverse effects of greater pollution exposure at any time point.
Conclusions: Children with higher mid-childhood exposure to BC and
greater near-residence traffic density in mid childhood had greater
problems with behavioral regulation as assessed by classroom teachers,
but not as assessed by parents. Prenatal and early childhood exposure to
traffic-related pollution did not predict greater executive function or
behavior problems; third trimester BC was associated with lower scores
(representing fewer problems) on measures of metacognition and
behavioral problems. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
ER -