TY - JOUR
TI - Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of
the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the
European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and
Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure
AU - Bozkurt, Biykem
AU - Coats, Andrew J. S.
AU - Tsutsui, Hiroyuki and
AU - Abdelhamid, Ca Magdy
AU - Adamopoulos, Stamatis
AU - Albert, Nancy and
AU - Anker, Stefan D.
AU - Atherton, John
AU - Boehm, Michael
AU - Butler, Javed
AU - and Drazner, Mark H.
AU - Felker, G. Michael
AU - Filippatos, Gerasimos
AU - and Fiuzat, Mona
AU - Fonarow, Gregg C.
AU - Gomez-Mesa, Juan-Esteban and
AU - Heidenreich, Paul
AU - Imamura, Teruhiko
AU - Jankowska, Ewa A. and
AU - Januzzi, James
AU - Khazanie, Prateeti
AU - Kinugawa, Koichiro
AU - Lam,
AU - Carolyn S. P.
AU - Matsue, Yuya
AU - Metra, Marco
AU - Ohtani, Tomohito and
AU - Piepoli, Massimo Francesco
AU - Ponikowski, Piotr
AU - Rosano, Giuseppe M.
AU - C.
AU - Sakata, Yasushi
AU - Starling, Randall C.
AU - Teerlink, John R.
AU - and Vardeny, Orly
AU - Yamamoto, Kazuhiro
AU - Yancy, Clyde
AU - Zhang,
AU - Jian
AU - Zieroth, Shelley
JO - European Journal of Heart Failure
PY - 2021
VL - 23
TODO - 3
SP - 352-380
PB - Wiley
SN - null
TODO - 10.1002/ejhf.2115
TODO - Heart failure; Cardiomyopathy; HFrEF; HFpEF; HFmrEF; Stages of heart
failure; Definition of heart failure
TODO - In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure
(HF) as a clinical syndrome with symptoms and/or signs caused by a
structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by
elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of
pulmonary or systemic congestion. We also propose revised stages of HF
as: At risk for HF (Stage A), Pre-HF (Stage B), Symptomatic HF (Stage C)
and Advanced HF (Stage D). Finally, we propose a new and revised
classification of HF according to left ventricular ejection fraction
(LVEF). This includes HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF):
symptomatic HF with LVEF <= 40%; HF with mildly reduced ejection
fraction (HFmrEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF 41-49%; HF with preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF): symptomatic HF with LVEF >= 50%; and HF with
improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF): symptomatic HF with a baseline
LVEF <= 40%, a >= 10 point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second
measurement of LVEF > 40%.
ER -