TY - JOUR
TI - Daytime Sleepiness and Sleep Inadequacy as Risk Factors for Dementia.
AU - Tsapanou, Angeliki
AU - Gu, Yian
AU - Manly, Jennifer
AU - Schupf, Nicole
AU - Tang, Ming-Xin
AU - Zimmerman, Molly
AU - Scarmeas, Nikolaos
AU - Stern, Yaakov
JO - Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra
PY - 2015
VL - 5
TODO - 2
SP - 286--295
PB - 
SN - 1664-5464
TODO - 10.1159/000431311
TODO - Elderly, Dementia, Daytime sleepiness, Longitudinal study, Sleep adequacy
TODO - BACKGROUND/AIMS: To examine the association between self-reported sleep problems and incidence of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people. METHODS: 1,041  nondemented participants over 65 years old were examined longitudinally. Sleep  problems were estimated using the RAND Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale examining  sleep disturbance, snoring, sleep short of breath or with a headache, sleep  adequacy, and sleep somnolence. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the  association between sleep problems and risk for incident dementia. Age, gender,  education, ethnicity, APOE-ε4, stroke, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and  depression were included as covariates. RESULTS: Over 3 years of follow-up, 966  (92.8%) participants remained nondemented, while 78 (7.2%) developed dementia. In  unadjusted models, sleep inadequacy (’Get the amount of sleep you need’) at the  initial visit was associated with increased risk of incident dementia (HR = 1.20;  95% CI 1.02-1.42; p = 0.027). Adjusting for all the covariates, increased risk of  incident dementia was still associated with sleep inadequacy (HR = 1.20; 95% CI  1.01-1.42; p = 0.040), as well as with increased daytime sleepiness (’Have trouble  staying awake during the day’) (HR = 1.24; 95% CI 1.00-1.54; p = 0.047). CONCLUSION:  Our results suggest that sleep inadequacy and increased daytime sleepiness are risk  factors for dementia in older adults, independent of demographic and clinical  factors.
ER -