TY - JOUR
TI - Fluid and Salt Balance and the Role of Nutrition in Heart Failure
AU - Chrysohoou, C.
AU - Mantzouranis, E.
AU - Dimitroglou, Y.
AU - Mavroudis, A.
AU - Tsioufis, K.
JO - Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
PY - 2022
VL - 14
TODO - 7
SP - null
PB - MDPI
SN - 1385-1314
TODO - 10.3390/nu14071386
TODO - adverse event;  chronic disease;  disorders of acid base balance;  heart failure;  human;  metabolic disorder;  nutritional status;  sodium intake, Acid-Base Imbalance;  Chronic Disease;  Heart Failure;  Humans;  Nutritional Status;  Sodium, Dietary;  Water-Electrolyte Imbalance
TODO - The main challenges in heart failure (HF) treatment are to manage patients with refractory acute decompensated HF and to stabilize the clinical status of a patient with chronic heart failure. Beyond the use of medications targeted in the inhibition of the neurohormonal system, the balance of salt and fluid plays an important role in the maintenance of clinical compensation in respect of renal function. In the case of heart failure, a debate of opinion exists on salt restriction. Restricted dietary sodium might lead to worse outcomes in heart failure patients due to the activation of the neurohormonal system and malnutrition. On the contrary, positive sodium balance is the primary driver of water retention and, ultimately, volume overload in acute HF. Some recent studies reported associations of decreased salt consumption with higher readmission rates and increased mortality. Thus, the usefulness of salt restriction in heart failure management remains debated. The use of individualized nutritional support, compared with standard hospital food, was effective in reducing these risks, particularly in the group of patients at high nutritional risk. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
ER -