Summary:
Testicular cancer is the leading cause of cancer in young men. In this review
the basic molecular pathways, which lead to tumorogenesis are demonstrated.
Moreover, the basic pathologic elements of germ cell tumors (seminoma and non
seminoma) are described. The prognostic value of accurate staging is also
described.
Main diagnostic tools necessary for testicular cancer diagnosis, such as
physical examination, imaging modalities and serum tumor markers are also
described with the advantages and limitations of each method. Furthermore,
treatment advantages available for definitive treatment of testicular cancer
are explained such as active surveillance, radiotherapy, radical orchiectomy
and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy.
In what concerns the advanced testicular cancer with its mechanism of action is
outlined. Also the side effects and delayed toxicity are analyzed.
Finally, the current treatment algorithm for testicular cancer and guidelines
for active surveillance is thoroughly described.
Keywords:
Staging, Seminoma, Non seminoma, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy
