Summary:
SUMMARY
Introduction: Congenital infections (TORCH) or infections which are acquired
during pregnancy are a major cause of damage to the fetus , so it is essential
to have rapid diagnosis , treatment , and implement prevention of congenital
infections . The correct choice of antibiotic treatment and duration of
treatment for pregnant - fetus is essential. The CMV virus and the parasite
Toxoplasma gondii, are two of the main causes of congenital infections , due to
both their frequency and potential harm to the fetus.
Purpose: The purpose of this work is to study the cytomegalovirus (CMV), and
the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, with regard to their specific characteristics
in congenital infections, epidemiology, pathogenesis , their impact on the
pregnant woman and the fetus, techniques in the diagnostic approach of their
infections, existing and potential treatment options and prevention of these
conditions, generally.
Results : The virus CMV, usually causes asymptomatic infection, having great
impact on women of reproductive age ( 40-80 % ). Congenital infection caused
mainly after primary infection of pregnant women, while the outcome for the
fetus depends on the time of infection. Increase percentage of damage to the
fetus occurs during infection of the first trimester. Serological, molecular
and imaging techniques are basic for diagnosing CMV infection. Very significant
effort is paid to develop specific vaccine for CMV infection. Vaccination with
specific vaccine including the glycoprotein beta with protein MF59 of the CMV
virus, are under studies, with a prooven 50% efficiency in the prevention of
congenital infection. The administration of specific immunoglobulin reduces the
CMV infection severity to the fetus.
Toxoplasmosis is a systemic infection of animals and humans, caused by sporozoo
Toxoplasma gondii. The Toxoplasma g. causes asymptomatic infection in 90 % of
cases, with seroprevalence of 20 - 80 % of the general population and risk of
vertical transmission 1:1000 pregnancies. The severity of congenital infection
increases during the first trimester of pregnancy, so the rapid diagnostic
approach is necessary. Diagnosis is based on serological and / or molecular
techniques, especially in the determination of antibodies in maternal blood
sample. Proper antibiotic therapy, depending on the stage of pregnancy and the
primary and secondary prevention, are necessary for the best possible outcome
of pregnancy.
Keywords:
Cytomegalovirus, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Gestation, Infections in gestation
