Summary:
The spontaneous polarization of molecules with dipole moment during
condensation at low temperatures is referred in literature in recent years. In
this thesis, the electrical polarization of alcohols at condensation
temperatures between 31 and 105 K, in a vacuum chamber equipped with a Kelvin
probe and quadrupole mass spectrometer, is investigated. These alcohols are
methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, iso-butanol
and tert-butanol. The voltage of each alcohol is studied while the heating rate
was 15 K/min. From the voltages of every alcohol the percentage of the
molecules that lead to the generation of electric field is calculated. We
concluded that out of 1018 molecules only 10% are dipole aligned and produce
electric fields of 108 V/m.
Keywords:
Spontaneous polarization , low temperatures, Condensation, Alcohols, Electric fields