Ultracold atoms in optical Cavities

Postgraduate Thesis uoadl:1320544 673 Read counter

Unit:
Κατεύθυνση Πυρηνική Φυσική και Φυσική Στοιχειωδών Σωματιδίων (ΒΑΣΙΚΗ ΦΥΣΙΚΗ)
Library of the School of Science
Deposit date:
2014-12-17
Year:
2014
Author:
Μυστακίδης Συμεών
Supervisors info:
Καρανίκας Αλέξανδρος Αναπλ. Καθηγητής (Επιβλέπων) , Διάκονος Φώτιος Αναπλ. Καθηγητής, Μαιντάς Ξάνθος Επίκ. Καθηγητής.
Original Title:
Υπέρψυχρα άτομα μέσα σε οπτικές κοιλότητες
Languages:
Greek
Translated title:
Ultracold atoms in optical Cavities
Summary:
Recent progress in the control of light-matter interactions through cavity
quantum electrodynamics (QED) has brought forth new systems where light and
matter play equally important roles in the emergent phenomena. A crucial
feature of these systems is that they are inherently out of equilibrium due to
unavoidable photon leakage, giving rise to open system analogues of certain
well-studied quantum many-body Hamiltonians. One particular approach is to
couple a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) to a single mode of a high-finesse
optical cavity. This results in tunable, long-range forces between atoms of the
BEC that is mediated by the cavity field. A phase transition from a uniform BEC
to a self-organized, density-modulated phase has been predicted to be a
function of the power of the laser driving the atoms transversely to the cavity
axis and has recently been experimentally observed.
On the other hand, a fundamental model for the description of light-matter
interaction is the Dicke-model which is known since 1954 due to Robert H. Dicke
[9]. This model has been extensively studied since the first years of quantum
optics and provide nowdays one of the main models for the description of
collective quantum behaviour. Also a similar self-organization phase transition
has already been theoretically predicted.
According to the above, in the present work we will extensively study the Dicke
model and its applications to quantum electrodynamics. In the first chapter we
present the theory for some simple models from the field of quantum optics, and
we mainly focus in the interaction of a two-level system with the quantum
electromagnetic field. Possible applications with coherent states (whenever it
is possible) is included. The second chapter is devoted to the realization of
the Dicke model in the field of quantum electrodynamics in optical cavities.
Finally, in the third chapter we present the open version of the Dicke-model.
Especially we make an attempt to treat this model within the path-integral
formalism in
order to find the mean field equations of motion and the effective potential
that describes the emergent quantum phase transition.
Keywords:
Ultracold Atoms, Optical Cavities, Bose-Einstein Condensate, Open Systems, Path Integrals
Index:
Yes
Number of index pages:
4
Contains images:
Yes
Number of references:
46
Number of pages:
70
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