Τομέας Βασικών Ιατρικών Επιστημών
Library of the School of Health Sciences

2018-07-13

2018

Angeli Eleni

Ελισάβετ Τζόνσον, Καθηγήτρια, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ
Γεώργιος Χρούσος, Καθηγητής, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ
Παναγιώτα Περβανίδου, Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ
Αντώνιος Μαζαράκης, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ
Θεόδωρος Τρουπἠς, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ
Πιάγκου Μαρία, Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ
Δάλλα Χριστίνα, Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια, Ιατρική, ΕΚΠΑ

Νευροβιολογία της Διαταραχής Ελλειμματικής Προσοχής-Υπερκινητικότητας

Greek

Neurobiolology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

There is growing evidence for dysregulation of the stress system in individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The stress system has neuroanatomical and functional components that function in concert to maintain homeostasis. Its main effectors are the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal
(HPA) axis and the sympathetic/adrenomedullary nervous system (SNS). As stress system activity demonstrates a distinct circadian variation,
we aimed to describe simultaneously, diurnal rhythms of both the HPA axis and the SNS in children with ADHD and a comparison group. Moreover, we
investigated stress responses to a physical stressor, venipuncture, in both groups. Sixty-two prepubertal children with ADHD combined (ADHD-C) or inattentive (ADHD-I) type and 40 typically developing children provided saliva samples at six specific time points during a day, as well as before and 10 minutes after a scheduled morning venipuncture. Salivary cortisol and α-
amylase were selected as reliable noninvasive biomarkers for HPA axis and SNS function and were measured in the samples obtained. Results revealed that children with ADHD-C had lower mean cortisol values both 30 minutes
after awakening and at 18:00h than controls (p=0.002 and p=0.018
respectively), as well as lower mean Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Area Under the Curve for “wake to bed” period (AUCi) values of cortisol (p=0.004 and p=0.001, respectively). Also, mean CAR and cortisol AUCi were lower in children with ADHD-I than the control group (p=0.034 and p=0.038 respectively). Alpha-amylase measurements showed an increase over time
(p<0.001), which was similar in all three groups. Alpha-amylase changes over time were correlated with the corresponding cortisol changes (p<0.001). Venipuncture, elicited a significant increase only in α-amylase levels and more so in the control group (p=0.003). These findings suggest a partial hypofunction of the stress system in children with ADHD.

Health Sciences

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Children, Stress, Diurnal rhythms

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https://pergamos.lib.uoa.gr/uoa/dl/object/2778516