Supervisors info:
Κατερίνα Κωνσταντινίδου, Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια, Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Αναστασία Παπαδία - Λάλα, Καθηγήτρια, Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Αγγελική Πανοπούλου, Κύρια Ερευνήτρια, Ινστιτούτο Ιστορικών Ερευνών, Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών
Summary:
The subject of this study is the presentation of the educational system in the Venetian-ruled Greek lands as well as the teacher, the main sector of the education.
During the Venetian domination, in a period that the educational process was largely the result of initiatives of individuals but also of the civic communities and the Catholic Church and was intended for a small group of the population, mostly men from the upper social levels, two categories of teachers appear, those of elementary education and these of higher education. The first ones, people in most cases poorly qualified, priests or monks but also scribes, notaries or mercenary soldiers, who parallel to their agricultural or other occupations were teaching in order to increase their income. Several of them, especially priests or notaries, were even preparing their fellow-craftsmen. Concerning higher education, private teachers, laity or members of the clergy, orthodox or latin, were providing it either privately or by teaching in schools. The above were scholars with significant spiritual culture, graduates, in several cases, of Italian universities. Some of them were paid by the incomes of bequests, while others were paid by their students. Well-educated teachers were usually and those who assumed the post of public tutor. Public tutors were appointed and paid by certain civic communities in the Venetian-held areas for the provision of elementary or higher education, especially to boys of the nobility, although in some cases children from the rest of the society were also able to attend a course.
For this study we based on the pre-existing bibliography and documents (contracts of apprenticeship, etc.). After a thorough presentation of the political, socioeconomic and cultural conditions that predominated in the lands under venetian rule, we examine the educational institutions that were developed both in Venice and its possessions in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. But, mainly, this paper focuses on the teacher, his role as an education provider and his development during the centuries, from a region to another, in Crete and in the Ionian Islands. We present the level of education of teachers, the lessons that they taught, their pedagogical methods and we attempt to analyze indications of their identity, their origin, their social position, their economical situation and their religious beliefs. Finally, we study the way in which teacher is presented through the literature of this period.
Keywords:
education, teacher, Venetian domination, Crete, Ionian Islands
