Exploitation of Citrus Juicing Industrial by-Products as a Rich Source of Carotenoids and Other Natural Products

Postgraduate Thesis uoadl:2936332 66 Read counter

Unit:
Κατεύθυνση Απομόνωση, Ανάπτυξη, Παραγωγή και Έλεγχος Βιοδραστικών Φυσικών Προϊόντων
Library of the School of Science
Deposit date:
2021-02-20
Year:
2021
Author:
Myrtsi Eleni
Supervisors info:
Σοφία Μητάκου, Καθηγήτρια, Τομέας Φαρμακογνωσίας και Χημείας Φυσικών Προϊόντων, Τμήμα Φαρμακευτικής, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Original Title:
Αξιοποίηση των Βιομηχανικών Παραπροϊόντων της Χυμοποίησης Εσπεριδοειδών ως Πλούσια Πηγή Καροτενοειδών και Άλλων Φυσικών Προϊόντων
Languages:
Greek
Translated title:
Exploitation of Citrus Juicing Industrial by-Products as a Rich Source of Carotenoids and Other Natural Products
Summary:
Citrus fruits are one of the most cultivated species. Their global production in 2018 was 13.898.418 tonnes. Citrus juicing process generates considerably large amounts of by-products, since only the 50% of the fresh fruit’s mass is transformed into juice. The remaining residues, consisted of peel, pulp and seeds, are of limited economic interest, although their content in bioactive natural products is indicative of their potential for utilization as biorefinery raw materials.
Today from varius by-products obtained during the juice-making process, only a few have been exploited in the market. The Cold Pressed Essential Oils (CPEOs) is a by-product, which has not found a market position, yet.
The citrus juicing CPEOs consist of two fractions, a thoroughly studied major volatile fraction, containing D-limonene as prevailing component, and a minor, non-volatile residue, which is composed of carotenoids, flavonoids, coumarins etc.
Endeavour herein refers to the exploitation of the less studied non-volatile fraction as a rich source of natural products and the assessment of their applicability as pigments in chicken’s and fish’ dietary supplements because of their carotenoid content. In this context, the CPEOs of four different Citrus species –namely orange (C. sinensis), mandarin (C. reticulate), lemon (C. limon), and grapefruit (C. paradisii)–were investigated in order to determine, mostly, their efficacy to act as carotenoids source, but also as source of other natural products, too.
For this purpose, the total carotenoid, phenolic and flavonoid content was determinated in the CPEOs’ non-volatile fraction and UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD (450nm) were used for the identification and quantitation of fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, a-carotene, b-carotene and phytoene.
In addition to this, some polymethoxyflavones, coumarins and furanocoumarins were isolated and their stractures were determinated by 1H-NMR and 2D NMR COSY, HMQC and HMBC.
Main subject category:
Science
Keywords:
Citrus, Carotenoids, Flavonoids, LC-MS/MS, HPLC, NMR
Index:
No
Number of index pages:
0
Contains images:
Yes
Number of references:
169
Number of pages:
164
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