Τίτλος:
Establishment of conidial fusion in the asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae as a useful system for the study of non-sexual genetic interactions
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Cell-to-cell fusion is a fundamental biological process across the tree of life. In filamentous fungi, somatic fusion (or anastomosis) is required for the normal development of their syncytial hyphal networks, and it can initiate non-sexual genetic exchange processes, such as horizontal genetic transfer and the parasexual cycle. Although these could be important drivers of the evolution of asexual fungi, this remains a largely unexplored possibility due to the lack of suitable resources for their study in these puzzling organisms. We thus aimed at the characterization of cell fusion in the important asexual fungus Verticillium dahliae via Conidial Anastomosis Tubes (CATs), which can be useful for the analysis of parasexuality. We optimized appropriate procedures for their highly reproducible quantification and live-cell imaging, which were used to characterize their physiology and cell biology, and to start elucidating their underlying genetic machinery. Formation of CATs was shown to depend on growth conditions and require functional Fus3 and Slt2 MAP kinases, as well as the NADPH oxidase NoxA, whereas the GPCR Ste2 and the mating-type protein MAT1-2-1 were dispensable. We show that nuclei and other organelles can migrate through CATs, which often leads to the formation of transient dikaryons. Their nuclei have possible windows of opportunity for genetic interaction before degradation of one by a presumably homeostatic mechanism. We establish here CAT-mediated fusion in V. dahliae as an experimentally convenient system for the cytological analysis of fungal non-sexual genetic interactions. We expect that it will facilitate the dissection of sexual alternatives in asexual fungi. © 2021, The Author(s).
Συγγραφείς:
Vangalis, V.
Knop, M.
Typas, M.A.
Papaioannou, I.A.
Περιοδικό:
Current Genetic Medicine Reports
Εκδότης:
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Fus3 protein; G protein coupled receptor; MAT1 2 1 protein; mitogen activated protein kinase; protein Noxa; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; Slt2 protein; Ste2 protein; unclassified drug; fungal protein; mitogen activated protein kinase; reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein; SLT2 protein, S cerevisiae, Article; cell fusion; cell migration; cell nucleus; cell organelle; conidial anastomosis tube; conidium; controlled study; degradation; fungus growth; gene interaction; homeostasis; live cell imaging; nonhuman; priority journal; somatic cell; time lapse imaging; Verticillium dahliae; Acremonium; Ascomycetes; asexual reproduction; fungal mating type gene; fungus hyphae; fungus spore; genetics; growth, development and aging; horizontal gene transfer; pathogenicity, Acremonium; Ascomycota; Cell Nucleus; Fungal Proteins; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genes, Mating Type, Fungal; Hyphae; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NADPH Oxidases; Reproduction, Asexual; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Spores, Fungal
DOI:
10.1007/s00294-021-01157-4
