Περίληψη:
The devastating complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
result from the dysfunctional immune response of an individual following
the initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
infection. Multiple toxic stressors and behaviors contribute to
underlying immune system dysfunction. SARS-CoV-2 exploits the
dysfunctional immune system to trigger a chain of events, ultimately
leading to COVID-19. The authors have previously identified a number of
contributing factors (CFs) common to myriad chronic diseases. Based on
these observations, it was hypothesized that there may be a significant
overlap between CFs associated with COVID-19 and gastrointestinal cancer
(GIC). Thus, in the present study, a streamlined dot-product approach
was used initially to identify potential CFs that affect COVID-19 and
GIC directly (i.e., the simultaneous occurrence of CFs and disease in
the same article). The nascent character of the COVID-19 core literature
(similar to 1-year-old) did not allow sufficient time for the direct
effects of numerous CFs on COVID-19 to emerge from laboratory
experiments and epidemiological studies. Therefore, a literature-related
discovery approach was used to augment the COVID-19 core
literature-based ‘direct impact’ CFs with discovery-based ‘indirect
impact’ CFs [CFs were identified in the non-COVID-19 biomedical
literature that had the same biomarker impact pattern (e.g.,
hyperinflammation, hypercoagulation, hypoxia, etc.) as was shown in the
COVID-19 literature]. Approximately 2,250 candidate direct impact CFs in
common between GIC and COVID-19 were identified, albeit some being
variants of the same concept. As commonality proof of concept, 75
potential CFs that appeared promising were selected, and 63 overlapping
COVID-19/GIC potential/candidate CFs were validated with biological
plausibility. In total, 42 of the 63 were overlapping direct impact
COVID-19/GIC CFs, and the remaining 21 were candidate GIC CFs that
overlapped with indirect impact COVID-19 CFs. On the whole, the present
study demonstrates that COVID-19 and GIC share a number of common
risk/CFs, including behaviors and toxic exposures, that impair immune
function. A key component of immune system health is the removal of
those factors that contribute to immune system dysfunction in the first
place. This requires a paradigm shift from traditional Western medicine,
which often focuses on treatment, rather than prevention.
Συγγραφείς:
Kostoff, Ronald Neil
Briggs, Michael Brandon
Kanduc, Darja and
Shores, Darla Roye
Kovatsi, Leda
Drakoulis, Nikolaos
Porter,
Alan Leslie
Tsatsakis, Aristidis
Spandidos, Demetrios A.
