Περίληψη:
Fungal diseases still play a major role in morbidity and mortality in patients with haematological malignancies, including those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although Aspergillus and other filamentous fungal diseases remain a major concern, Candida infections are still a major cause of mortality. This part of the ESCMID guidelines focuses on this patient population and reviews pertaining to prophylaxis, empirical/pre-emptive and targeted therapy of Candida diseases. Anti-Candida prophylaxis is only recommended for patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The authors recognize that the recommendations would have most likely been different if the purpose would have been prevention of all fungal infections (e.g. aspergillosis). In targeted treatment of candidaemia, recommendations for treatment are available for all echinocandins, that is anidulafungin (AI), caspofungin (AI) and micafungin (AI), although a warning for resistance is expressed. Liposomal amphotericin B received a BI recommendation due to higher number of reported adverse events in the trials. Amphotericin B deoxycholate should not be used (DII); and fluconazole was rated CI because of a change in epidemiology in some areas in Europe. Removal of central venous catheters is recommended during candidaemia but if catheter retention is a clinical necessity, treatment with an echinocandin is an option (CIIt). In chronic disseminated candidiasis therapy, recommendations are liposomal amphotericin B for 8weeks (AIII), fluconazole for >3months or other azoles (BIII). Granulocyte transfusions are only an option in desperate cases of patients with Candida disease and neutropenia (CIII). © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
Συγγραφείς:
Ullmann, A.J.
Akova, M.
Herbrecht, R.
Viscoli, C.
Arendrup, M.C.
Arikan-Akdagli, S.
Bassetti, M.
Bille, J.
Calandra, T.
Castagnola, E.
Cornely, O.A.
Donnelly, J.P.
Garbino, J.
Groll, A.H.
Hope, W.W.
Jensen, H.E.
Kullberg, B.J.
Lass-Flörl, C.
Lortholary, O.
Meersseman, W.
Petrikkos, G.
Richardson, M.D.
Roilides, E.
Verweij, P.E.
Cuenca-Estrella, M.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
amphotericin B cholesterol sulfate; amphotericin B lipid complex; caspofungin; colony stimulating factor; cytokine; echinocandin; fluconazole; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; itraconazole; micafungin; posaconazole; rituximab; voriconazole; antifungal agent, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; allogeneic stem cell transplantation; antifungal resistance; article; aspergillosis; autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Candida; Candida glabrata; Candida tropicalis; candidemia; catheter infection; catheter removal; central venous catheter; escmid guideline; graft recipient; granulocyte transfusion; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; human; immunosuppressive treatment; infection prevention; invasive candidiasis; neutropenia; nonhuman; practice guideline; priority journal; treatment outcome; adult; candidiasis; central venous catheterization; evidence based medicine; hematologic disease; neutropenia; practice guideline; standard, Adult; Antifungal Agents; Candidiasis; Catheterization, Central Venous; Evidence-Based Medicine; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Neutropenia
