Τίτλος:
Plasma carotenoids, retinol, and tocopherols and the risk of prostate
cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
Nutrition study
Περίληψη:
Background: Previous studies suggest that high plasma concentrations of
carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols may reduce the risk of prostate
cancer.
Objective: We aimed to examine the associations between plasma
concentrations of 7 carotenoids, retinol, a-tocopherol,
and,gamma-tocopherol and prostate cancer risk.
Design: A total of 137 001 men in 8 European countries participated.
After a mean of 6 y, 966 incident cases of prostate cancer with plasma
were available. A total of 1064 control subjects were selected and were
matched for study center, age, and date of recruitment. The relative
risk of prostate cancer was estimated by conditional logistic
regression, which was adjusted for smoking status, alcohol intake, body
mass index, marital status, physical activity, and education level.
Results: Overall, none of the micronutrients examined were significantly
associated with prostate cancer risk. For lycopene and the sum of
carotenoids, there was evidence of heterogeneity between the
associations with risks of localized and advanced disease. These
carotenoids were not associated with the risk of localized disease but
were inversely associated with the risk of advanced disease. The risk of
advanced disease for men in the highest fifth of plasma concentrations
compared with men in the lowest fifth was 0.40 (95% CI: 0. 19, 0.88)
for lycopene and 0.35 (95% CI: 0. 17, 0.78) for the sum of carotenoids.
Conclusions: We observed no associations between plasma concentrations
of carotenoids, retinol, or tocopherols and overall prostate cancer
risk. The inverse associations of lycopene and the sum of carotenoids
with the risk of advanced disease may involve a protective effect, an
association of dietary choice with delayed detection of prostate cancer,
reverse causality, or other factors.
Συγγραφείς:
Key, Timothy J.
Appleby, Paul N.
Allen, Naomi E.
Travis,
Ruth C.
Roddam, Andrew W.
Jenab, Mazda
Egevad, Lars and
Tionneland, Anne
Johnsen, Nina F.
Overvad, Kim
Linseisen,
Jakob
Rohrmann, Sabine
Boeing, Heiner
Pischon, Tobias and
Psaltopoulou, Theodora
Trichopoulou, Antonia
Trichopoulos,
Dimitrios
Palli, Domenico
Vineis, Paolo
Tumino, Rosario and
Berrino, Franco
Kiemeney, Lambertus
Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas
and Quiros, J. Ramon
Gonzalez, Carlos A.
Martinez, Carmen and
Larranaga, Nerea
Chirlaque, Maria Dolores
Ardanaz, Eva and
Stattin, Paer
Hallmans, Goeran
Khaw, Kay-Tee
Bingham, Sheila
and Slimani, Nadia
Ferrari, Pietro
Rinaldi, Sabina
Riboli,
Elio
