Περίληψη:
Background: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for head and neck
cancer (HNC). To our knowledge, low cigarette smoking (<10 cigarettes
per day) has not been extensively investigated in fine categories or
among never alcohol drinkers.
Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of individual participant data
from 23 independent case-control studies including 19 660 HNC cases and
25 566 controls. After exclusion of subjects using other tobacco
products including cigars, pipes, snuffed or chewed tobacco and straw
cigarettes (tobacco product used in Brazil), as well as subjects smoking
more than 10 cigarettes per day, 4093 HNC cases and 13 416 controls were
included in the analysis. The lifetime average frequency of cigarette
consumption was categorized as follows: never cigarette users, >0-3,
>3-5, >5-10 cigarettes per day.
Results: Smoking >0-3 cigarettes per day was associated with a 50%
increased risk of HNC in the study population [ odds ratio (OR) =
1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.21, 1.90). Smoking >3-5
cigarettes per day was associated in each subgroup from OR = 2.01 (95%
CI: 1.22, 3.31) among never alcohol drinkers to OR = 2.74 (95% CI:
2.01, 3.74) among women and in each cancer site, particularly laryngeal
cancer (OR = 3.48, 95% CI: 2.40, 5.05). However, the observed increased
risk of HNC for low smoking frequency was not found among smokers with
smoking duration shorter than 20 years.
Conclusion: Our results suggest a public health message that low
frequency of cigarette consumption contributes to the development of
HNC. However, smoking duration seems to play at least an equal or a
stronger role in the development of HNC.
Συγγραφείς:
Berthiller, Julien
Straif, Kurt
Agudo, Antonio
Ahrens,
Wolfgang
dos Santos, Alexandre Bezerra
Boccia, Stefania and
Cadoni, Gabriella
Canova, Cristina
Castellsague, Xavier and
Chen, Chu
Conway, David
Curado, Maria Paula
Dal Maso,
Luigino
Daudt, Alexander W.
Fabianova, Eleonora
Fernandez,
Leticia
Franceschi, Silvia
Fukuyama, Erica E.
Hayes, Richard
B.
Healy, Claire
Herrero, Rolando
Holcatova, Ivana and
Kelsey, Karl
Kjaerheim, Kristina
Koifman, Sergio
Lagiou,
Pagona
La Vecchia, Carlo
Lazarus, Philip
Levi, Fabio and
Lissowska, Jolanta
Macfarlane, Tatiana
Mates, Dana
McClean,
Michael
Menezes, Ana
Merletti, Franco
Morgenstern, Hal and
Muscat, Joshua
Olshan, Andrew F.
Purdue, Mark
Ramroth,
Heribert
Rudnai, Peter
Schwartz, Stephen M.
Serraino, Diego
and Shangina, Oxana
Smith, Elaine
Sturgis, Erich M. and
Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila
Thomson, Peter
Vaughan, Thomas L.
and Vilensky, Marta
Wei, Qingyi
Winn, Deborah M. and
Wunsch-Filho, Victor
Zhang, Zuo-Feng
Znaor, Ariana
Ferro,
Gilles
Brennan, Paul
Boffetta, Paolo
Hashibe, Mia
Lee,
Yuan-Chin Amy
