Summary:
The purpose of this thesis was to describe the anatomical structures of the lower foot and how they are adapted to perform gait with emphasis to the ankle joint. Scientific websites were used, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medlineplus, Scopus-solutions using the keywords "lower limb anatomy, biomechanics, biomechanics and lower limb, ankle and motion, gait, gait phases, gait cycle, muscles and gait, lower limb disfunctions, ankle joint, locomotion" and many more. These websites were used to find scientific studies, articles and books relative to the topic at hand. The evidence from the literature review seemed to be of particular importance for understanding an everyday activity such as walking and locomotion. It was therefore understood that this is a rather complicated process. The structural and functional integrity of biological elements of the area, the neuromuscular system and skeletal mechanism are required for proper execution. This is a prerequisite for good function as it requires precise balance and neuromuscular coordination. The gait process is then analyzed kinematically and then muscular and bony adaptations of mainly the lower limbs in a gait cycle are described.
Keywords:
ankle joint, gait, locomotion, gait phases, gait, muscles and gait, locomotion and muscles
