Supervisors info:
Γεώργιος Μαστοράκος, Καθηγητής, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ
Σαλάκος Νικόλαος, Ομότιμος Καθηγητής, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ
Χρέλιας Χαράλαμπος, Ομότιμος Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ
Summary:
Due to the high rates of female morbidity and mortality in cases of ectopic pregnancy, its early diagnosis, especially in women with risk factors such as a history of chlamydial infection or surgery in the fallopian tubes, history of previous ectopic pregnancy, use of contraceptive methods, deemed necessary. Women with one or more of the aforementioned risk factors for amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding, and / or abdominal pain should be subjected immediately to repeat measurements of β-chorionic gonadotropin and to a transvaginal ultrasound scan which are the main diagnostic methods of ectopic pregnancy. The treatment of ectopic pregnancy should be individualized and can be either pharmacological with the use of methotrexate or surgery through laparoscopy or classic surgery. In special cases, ectopic pregnancy can be treated with expectant management. There are several types of ectopic implants, such as in fallopian tubes, which are the most common, interstitial, abdominal, cervical, ovarian, and heterotopic pregnancies. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the scar of a previous caesarean section due to an increase in the percentage of caesarean births. Due to the high relevance of this type of ectopic pregnancy with the appearance of adherent placenta, the risk of uterine rupture and damage to adjacent structures, especially the bladder, appears to be particularly high. To address this, the use of different techniques such as dilation and curettage, embolization of the uterine vessels, hysteroscopy and laparoscopic hysterectomy have been studied, with the latter two gaining more and more ground.
