Κατεύθυνση Παθολογία της Κύησης
Library of the School of Health Sciences

2020-09-24

2020

Chatziioannou Maria-Ioanna

Νικόλαος Παπαντωνίου, Ομότιμος Καθηγητής, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ
Δημήτριος Κασσάνος, Ομότιμος Καθηγητής, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ
Χαράλαμπος Χρέλιας, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ

Αίτια και βιοχημικοί και υπερηχογραφικοί δείκτες πρόωρου τοκετού

Greek

Causes and biochemical and ultrasound markers of preterm birth

Purpose: A premature birth is a birth that takes place more than three weeks before the baby's estimated due date. In other words, a premature birth is one that occurs before the start of the 37th week of pregnancy. An estimated 15 million babies are born too early every year. Often, the specific cause of premature birth isn't clear and is now thought to be a syndrome initiated by multiple mechanisms. The aim of this paper is to present the main causes and risk factors of the PTB, as well as to define the risk assessment methods and management of this complex condition.

Materials and methods: This is a systematic review of current knowledge on the causes and the latest ultrasound and biochemical markers of PTB. In addition, the most effective methods to prevent preterm birth are mentioned thoroughly. This review presents the current evidence and approaches to screening women for preterm birth, and examine future directions for clinical practice.
Conclusions: A history of preterm birth is considered the most important risk factor for preterm birth in subsequent pregnancy. Α mid-pregnancy cervical length measurement is independently associated with preterm birth and is used to identify women at risk of a premature delivery. A fetal fibronectin test may be of additional value in the prediction of preterm birth in high risk women. Cervical cerclage reduces the risk of preterm birth in women at high-risk of preterm birth and probably reduces risk of perinatal deaths. The question of whether cerclage is more or less effective than other preventative treatments, particularly vaginal progesterone, remains unanswered. After decades of rising preterm birth rates globally, recent prematurity rates seem to be on the decline. Despite this optimistic trend, preterm birth rates remain high. Unfortunately, progress has been modest. One of the greatest challenges in studying this outcome is that preterm birth is a complex condition resulting from multiple etiologic pathways. Further research is necessary to better identify at-risk women and provide evidence-based management. Until specific and effective therapeutic treatments are developed to prevent preterm labor, the best means of reducing preterm birth rate is early detection and diagnosis. However, current approaches to predict preterm labor have had variable success in the clinical setting.

Health Sciences

Preterm birth, Preterm delivery, Preterm infant, Prediction of preterm birth, Causes of PTB, Fetal fibronectin, Biochemical markers of PTB, Premature rapture of membranes, Epidemiology of PTB, Cervical length, Progestin compounds, Chorioamnionitis, cervical pessaries, Cervical cerclage, Prevention of PTB

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https://pergamos.lib.uoa.gr/uoa/dl/object/2923151