Κατεύθυνση Ιστορίας της Φιλοσοφίας
Library of the School of Philosophy

2021-01-19

2020

Tsimperis Taxiarchis

Γεώργιος Αραμπατζής, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, τμήμα Φιλοσοφίας, Ε.Κ.Π.Α.
Ιωάννης Καλογεράκος, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, τμήμα Φιλοσοφίας, Ε.Κ.Π.Α.
Ευάγγελος Πρωτοπαπαδάκης, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, τμήμα Φιλοσοφίας, Ε.Κ.Π.Α.

Ταῦτα ἢ τί ἐροῦμεν; (ή «Δίκαιο και δαιμόνιον στον Κρίτωνα του Πλάτωνος»)

Greek

“Shall we say that, or something else?” (or “Justice and daemonium in Plato’s Crito”)

“Shall we say that, or something else?” (50c2-3). This is the rhetorical question that Socrates poses to Crito (character) which outlines the philosophy of the dialogue on justice – which entails both the concepts of morality and soul – and the protective spirit – which Socrates explicitly declares in other dialogues, in Crito (dialogue), however, he suggests it implicitly – the daemonium. “That” expresses the moral argument of both Crito (character) and the many (masses) and “something else” the respective moral argument of both Socrates and the one, the connoisseur. Socrates supports unequivocally the necessity of the congruence between the theoretical philosophy and its practical application under any circumstances regardless of whether they are favorable or not. In contrast to the protean and ambiguous human nature, Socrates proposes a fixed point that remains unalterable under any conditions with the aim of achieving the common good and a personal moral self-realization. With this fixed point, which discloses the injustice of the act Socrates’ escape from his prison as well as the moral impact on both personal and political level, Plato defends the necessity of the existence of a law against the sophistic relativism.
Crito (character) expresses the archaic moral principles, which are based on the concept of vengeful self-judgment when one takes the law into one's own hands. For Socrates on the other hand, the destruction of the destroyer is equally an injustice, and since injustice must be avoided in general, retaliation must be also avoided. The prevention of injustice is achieved by the laws of the city-state and the daemonium, the inner voice of conscience that enjoins a just person to do what is right and needful.

Philosophy - Psychology

Positive law, natural law, revenge, to take the law into one's own hands, laws, injustice, political obligation, civil disobedience, connoisseur, social contract, conscience, daemonium.

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https://pergamos.lib.uoa.gr/uoa/dl/object/2931911