Unit:
Κατεύθυνση Ναυτικό ΔίκαιοLibrary of the School of Law
Author:
Paradias Asterios-Ioannis
Supervisors info:
Λ.Ι.ΑΘΑΝΑΣΙΟΥ, Καθηγήτρια, ΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΣΧΟΛΗ, ΕΚΠΑ
Δ.ΧΡΙΣΤΟΔΟΥΛΟΥ,Επίκουρος Καθηγητής,ΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΣΧΟΛΗ, ΕΚΠΑ
Ν.ΒΕΡΒΕΣΟΣ,Επίκουρος Καθηγητής,ΝΟΜΙΚΗ ΣΧΟΛΗ, ΕΚΠΑ
Original Title:
Νομικά ζητήματα από την υποχρέωση χρήσης καυσίμων με μειωμένο θείο
Translated title:
Legal issues arising from Global Sulphur Cap
Summary:
This dissertation delves into the International Maritime Organisation’s (IMO) policy that through the Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) aims to limit emissions of the main air pollutants contained in ships' exhaust gases, including SOx, NOx and PM, prohibiting deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances and regulates on-board incineration and VOC emissions from ships.
MARPOL Annex VI introduces emission control areas (ECAs), which when are only focused on sulphur emissions are called SECAs. (sulphur emission control areas), SECAs aim to reduce emissions of air pollutants in designated marine areas. The Regulation 14.1.3 of Annex VI entered into force on 1 January 2020. The Regulation prohibits the combustion of fuel oil on board vessels not equipped with exhaust gas purification systems (scrubbers) that exceed the sulphur content of 0,5 % m/m (LSFO). Improved technology in refineries leads to higher amounts of LSFO production. However, mixed LSFOs will bring their own challenges to the efficiency and compatibility of ship engines. One method to meet MARPOL's legal requirements without the use of low-sulphur fuel is to install exhaust gas purification systems known as "scrubbers". While filters are generally effective in removing SOx from gas exhaust gases, there are some considerations that induce that these filters otherwise burden the environment. MARPOL’s Member States (flag States and port States) are to implement the new Regulation through the introduction of "effective, proportionate and dissuasive" sanctions.
From the point of view of charterparties, a charterer providing ship fuel has an absolute obligation to supply fuel of the right quality along questions that may arise as to whether the ship is " fitted for the service - seaworthiness" if it is unable to consume compliant low sulphur fuel, which party is obliged to pay for deviations in order to take on compliant fuels, difficulties in managing and separating different fuels on board to avoid contamination of tanks, delays, detention οr arrest in general or even criminal penalties.
Main subject category:
Law and Legislation
Other subject categories:
Commercial Law
Maritime Law
Keywords:
Sulphur Cap, ΙΜΟ 2020
Number of references:
105
