Supervisors info:
Σερένα Βαλσάμη, Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ, Επιβλέπουσα
Μαριάννα Πολίτου, Καθηγήτρια, Ιατρική Σχολή, ΕΚΠΑ
Αναστάσιος Κριεμπάρδης, Καθηγητής, Τμήμα Βιοϊατρικών Επιστημών, ΠΑΔΑ
Summary:
Microparticles (MPs) are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from cells in response to activation or apoptosis. They play an important role in intercellular communication and the hemostatic mechanism. MPs are sensitive biomarkers in various diseases and conditions due to their high abundance. Blood neoplastic diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that include Lymphoproliferative diseases, Myeloproliferative diseases, Leukaemias, and Multiple myeloma. Lymphoproliferative diseases (LPDs) are neoplastic diseases of B, T and NK lymphocytes and comprising tumors of immature and mature B, T and NK lymphocytes developed in different stages of their differentiation. The role of EVs in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) has been highlighted by studies, demonstrating that leukemic cells through the secretion of EVs use BM components to form a "leukemic nest" to support and promote disease progression .It is proven that CLL cell-derived EVs are increased, have high expression of CD19+, CD37+, CD52+ and RTK+ markers, can define the bone marrow microenvironment and promote CLL cell survival through various mechanisms . As regards of EVs role in HL lymphoma, through pathway intelligence analysis, inflammatory pathways were identified as key factors directing EV-dependent phenotype changes in fibroblasts.In NHL and particularly in DLBCL, which is the most common type of NHL, shows that EVs are important in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of DLBCL. The number of LCEVs and surface markers isolated from NHL patients are enriched in CD19 and CD20 and in HL patients in CD30. Highlighting the role of EVs in PM by enhancing the expression of CXCR4 and MMP9, inhibiting apoptotic cell death and caspase-3 activity, supporting osteoclast maturation, participating in angiogenesis, and inducing the proliferation of myeloid suppressor cells.
Further studies on the molecular mechanisms of secretion and trafficking of EVs, standard isolation methods and finally selective methods for the specific identification of their origin are in progress.
Finally, the growing understanding of how EVs influence the behavior of target cells continues to reveal new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Keywords:
Microparticles, Extracellular vesicles, Exosomes, Hematological malignancies, Lymphoproliferative diseases
