Dissertation committee:
Ανάργυρος Τουμπέκης, Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Γρηγόριος Μπογδάνης, Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Γεώργιος Παραδείσης, Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Νικόλαος Γελαδάς, Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Βασίλειος Γούργουλης, Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Δημοκρίτειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θράκης
Βασίλειος Πασχάλης, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Πέτρος Μποτώνης, Επίκουρος Καθηγητής, Σχολή Επιστήμης Φυσικής Αγωγής και Αθλητισμού, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών
Summary:
The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of different set sequences on swimming performance and physiological responses in a training session. On three different studies, 36 swimmers with at least 8 years of training background were participated. On the first visit, swimmers performed maximum efforts of 25, 50 and 400 m front crawl. The mean speed in the 400 m test was considered as maximal aerobic speed (MAS). On a second visit, five evenly paced repetitions of 200 m swimming front crawl (5x200 m) were performed in order to assess lactate threshold (LT). From the preliminary tests the following training sets were designed: a) 8x200 m with intensity corresponding to the LT (Z1), b) 8x100 m with intensity corresponding to the MAS (Z2), c) 8x50 m with intensity corresponding to 95% of the 50 m maximal speed (Z3), d) 4x50 m with maximal intensity (Z4), e) 8x25 m with maximal intensity (Z5). Recovery between repetitions was 30 s in Z1, Z2, and Z3 while 2 min in Z4 and Z5. In different studies and training sessions, various combinations of training sets were applied with 10 min recovery between sets: study 1 (n=12), a) Z1-Z3, b) Z3-Z1, c) Z2-Z3, d) Z3-Z2, study 2, a) Z1-Z4, b) Z4-Z1, c) Z2-Z4, d) Z4-Z2, study 3, a) Z1-Z5, b) Z5-Z1, c) Z2-Z5, d) Z5-Z2. During each training set, time for each repetition, blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed. Before and after each training set, pH, base excess and bicarbonate concentration as well as heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed. Training load (TL) was assessed after each training session. Speed in each training set separately was similar irrespective of the applied sequence (p>0.05). In Z2, BL and HR were higher and HRV was lower when applied after Z3 (p<0.05). In Z1, BL did not differ between sessions Z1-Z3 and Z3-Z1 (p>0.05), while BL during Z1 in Z4-Z1 and Z5-Z1 sessions was higher compared to the reverse sequence (p<0.05). In Z3 and Z4, BL was not affected by the applied sequence (p>0.05), while BL during Z5 in Z2-Z5 session was higher compared to Z5-Z2 (p<0.05). Indices reflecting acid-base balance were lower after Z2 in Z5-Z2 session compared to the reverse sequence and overall acid-base perturbation was higher when Z3 or Z4 were preceded from Z1 or Z2 (p<0.05). Training load was higher when Z3, Z4, or Z5 training sets (mainly anaerobic) were preceded from Z1 and Z2 (mainly aerobic) in all combinations (p<0.05). In conclusion, the ability to maintain the required speed in each of training sets is not affected by the applied sequence. Physiological responses and training load are magnified when an anaerobic-aerobic set sequence is applied and swimmers are forced to perform in aerobic training sets with higher blood lactate compared to the reverse sequence.
Keywords:
aerobic training, anaerobic training, heart rate variability, training load
