Unit:
Department of PharmacyLibrary of the School of Science
Author:
Gremmudas Manolis
Supervisors info:
Μπενάκη Δήμητρα, Εργαστηριακό Διδακτικό Προσωπικό, Tμήμα Φαρμακευτικής ΕΚΠΑ,
Μικρός Εμμανουήλ, Καθηγητής Tμήμα Φαρμακευτικής ΕΚΠΑ,
Ντότσικας Ιωάννης, Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Τμήμα Φαρμακευτικής ΕΚΠΑ
Original Title:
Μεταβολωμική ανάλυση πολικών εκχυλισμάτων προθωρακικών αδένων μεταξοσκωλήκων (Bombyx mori) υπό φυσική και τεχνητή δίαιτα, με τη χρήση Φασματοσκοπίας 1H NMR
Translated title:
Metabolomic analysis of polar extracts from the prothoracic glands of silkworms (Bombyx mori) under natural and artificial diet, using 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Summary:
In the current study the metabolomic profile of the prothoracic glands of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) was used as an index for the evaluation of the effect of natural (mulberry leaves) and artificial diets on the insect's development. The originality of this study lies on the choice of prothoracic glands as biological sample, which are responsible for the production of steroid hormones, such as ecdysone, that regulate the development and molting of the silkworm.
Prothoracic glands were collected from Bombyx mori silkworms fed either a natural diet of fresh mulberry leaves or an artificial diet. To prepare solutions with the necessary concentration for metabolomic analysis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), each sample was derived from 300 prothoracic glands. In total, glands were collected for four natural diet samples and four artificial diet samples. For the preparation of the NMR samples, the glands were extracted, and the metabolic fingerprint of the polar extracts was recorded using high-resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the spectral data followed to identify differences in the metabolome of the prothoracic glands associated with diet, so as to evaluate the artificial diet in comparison to the natural one.
38 metabolites were identified in the ¹H NMR spectra, including amino acids, organic acids, nucleotides, cholines, sugars, etc. Univariate analysis revealed significant variations in the polar extracts of the prothoracic glands, with the natural diet being characterized by variability in the content of metabolites, in contrast to the artificial diet, in which the content of metabolites was similar among the different samples. The natural diet led to the development of prothoracic glands with increased branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, and organic acids. The prothoracic glands in the artificial diet show a higher content of cholines, nucleotides, as well as serine and betaine. Multivariate analysis confirmed the observations of the univariate analysis and highlighted histidine and AMP as characteristic metabolites of the artificial diet and the organic acids lactic, malic, and malonic as metabolites with high discriminatory value for the natural diet.
The statistically significant differences at the metabolome level observed in this study demonstrate the decisive role of diet in the development of the organism and specifically of the prothoracic glands. Nuclear magnetic resonance profiling aided the identification, of 38 metabolites in the polar extracts of the prothoracic glands and provided valuable information that may contribute to studies concerning a) the understanding of the function of the prothoracic glands, and b) the evaluation of the artificial diet versus the natural one.
Main subject category:
Science
Other subject categories:
Health Sciences
Keywords:
METABOLOMICS, SILKWORM, Bombyx mori, PROTHORACIC GLANDS, DIET, ARTIFICIAL DIET, NATURAL DIET, NMR SPECTROSCOPY
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