Unit:
Κατεύθυνση Πρόληψη και Διαχείριση των Φυσικών ΚαταστροφώνLibrary of the School of Science
Author:
Κωνσταντινίδης Κωνσταντίνος
Supervisors info:
Ε. Λέκκας Καθηγητής Γεωλογίας και Γεωπεριβάλλοντος (επιβλέπων), Κ. Κυριακόπουλος Καθηγητής Γεωλογίας και Γεωπεριβάλλοντος, Π. Νάστος Αναπλ. Καθηγητής Γεωλογίας και Γεωπεριβάλλοντος
Original Title:
Κίνδυνοι και επιπτώσεις στην Αεροναυτιλία και τα Αεροδρόμια από τη διασπορά και εναπόθεση ηφαιστειακής τέφρας
Summary:
Risks in air navigation and airports due to tephra transport and dispersal are
examined in the thesis. Volcanic eruptions are the sources of ash clouds that
are moving because of the winds and generally the meteorological conditions,
creating a potential risk for air navigation. The particles of volcanic tephra
(volcanic ash and dust) may damage airplanes severely, while they are parked in
the airports, as well as while they are flying within ash clouds. International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has adopted a of zero tolerance strategy to
tephra clouds and thus recommends the cancelation of any flight that might
encounter volcanic tephra cloud of any concentration in particles other than
zero and the closure of airports affected by tephra deposition. Several ways
are proposed in order to amend the prediction of ash transport and dispersal,
the measuring techniques and the measurements, the procedures to overcome the
impacts of the eruption, the cooperation within the International Airways
Volcano Watch (IAVW) system and particularly the results of the models that are
used by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAAC) for the detection of the
volcanic ash cloud and the prediction of its evolution in time and air space.
Volcanic eruption is examined in the thesis with respect to its geological
aspects and the risk that causes to air navigation. Analysis of Volcanic Ash
Transport and Dispersal Models (VATDM) are presented, alongside with guidelines
for their amendment and new ideas for real time measurements and observation
techniques with satellite, ground, and air systems. Strategy is proposed for
setting the limits for safe flight through clouds of tephra based on
manufacturers evaluation, for the optimization of the observing and measuring
networks of the tephra clouds and for the collaboration of the involved
scientific communities to confront with the problems in a unified way. The
possibilities and the current trends for modern air navigation with precision
based procedures are presented, by focusing on the technological principles of
systems and their operational use. The volcanic eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in
2010 is examined, as a special occasion that revealed the general problems in
crisis management of the volcanic impacts on air navigation. Solutions to
bridge the identified management gaps are proposed, in order to avoid similar
economical impacts in the future.
Main subject category:
Natural disasters
Other subject categories:
Volcanoes
Meteorology
Environment
Keywords:
Volcanic ash, Volcanic dust, VATDM, VAAC, IAWV
Number of index pages:
5-11
