Περίληψη:
To date, there has been no effort to uncover the extent of the universality of mental toughness (MT) in sport between any European country and the US via the Mental Toughness Index (MTI). The authors attempted to examine the invariance of MT between American and Greek athletes and further validate MTI. The MTI was completed by 99 Greek and 173 US athletes. Invariance testing was conducted using multiple group confirmatory factor analysis with increasingly restrictive models. The model-data fit in both samples was very good (CFI Greek =.995, RMSEA Greek =.046; CFI US =.998, RMSEA US =.032). The scalar invariance model was selected as the best fitting (CFA scalar =.930, RMSEA scalar =.078), but with a slightly different item intercept for one item (Item 4; <.5). The results imply that the meaning of the construct is equal in both cultures. Therefore, their MT scores can be directly compared. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Συγγραφείς:
Stamatis, A.
Morgan, G.B.
Papadakis, Z.
Mougios, V.
Bogdanis, G.
Spinou, A.
