Τίτλος:
Polar organic compounds in PM10 and PM2.5 atmospheric aerosols from a background Eastern Mediterranean site during the winter period: Secondary formation, distribution and source apportionment
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Atmospheric particle samples with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10) and <2.5 μm (PM2.5) were analyzed for elemental (EC), organic (OC) carbon and polar organic compounds. Samples were collected, on a daily basis, over 44 days during the winter period in Agia Maria Xyliatou, a background location of Cyprus. Polar organic compounds were determined using a 3-step derivatization method prior to analysis with GC/MS. Gas phase compounds and meteorological data were also measured. Secondary OC was estimated and found to be significantly higher in PM2.5 than PM10 fraction (mean of 0.81 ± 0.58 over 0.51 ± 0.66 μg m−3). Concentrations of biogenic secondary formation tracers, monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids ranged from 7.3 to 29.0, 2.9–162, 7.6–82.0 and 1.9–19.6 ng m−3 respectively, in all aerosol samples, accumulated mostly on PM2.5 fraction. Molecular diagnostic ratios of selected carboxylic acids indicated influence of biogenic sources and aged aerosols. Source apportionment tools employed, including principal component analysis, demonstrated anthropogenic activity, biomass burning, biogenic volatile organic compounds oxidation and oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids as the basic sources of the studied analytes. Estimation of OC contribution from different sources was performed using tracer-based methods, such as “SOA tracer method” presenting biomass burning as a significant contributor (12.8 ± 14.8% in PM2.5 and 5.8 ± 4.8% in PM10). Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds accounted for 13.0 ± 8.9% and 5.6 ± 3.5% of OC in PM2.5 and PM10 samples respectively. Dust episodes that occurred during the sampling period, appear to enhance secondary formation mostly on PM10 particles. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Συγγραφείς:
Kanellopoulos, P.G.
Chrysochou, E.
Koukoulakis, K.
Vasileiadou, E.
Kizas, C.
Savvides, C.
Bakeas, E.
Περιοδικό:
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Εκδότης:
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Data handling; Meteorology; Organic carbon; Oxidation; Principal component analysis; Tracers; Unsaturated compounds; Unsaturated fatty acids; Volatile fatty acids; Volatile organic compounds, Aerodynamic diameters; Anthropogenic activity; Atmospheric particles; Biogenic volatile organic compounds; Derivatization method; Eastern Mediterranean; Molecular diagnostic ratio; Polar organic compounds, Atmospheric aerosols, 1,3 butadiene; aromatic carboxylic acid; benzene; carboxylic acid; dicarboxylic acid; ethylbenzene; isoprene; organic compound; ortho xylene; toluene; tracer; volatile organic compound; xylene, aerosol; biogenic emission; biomass burning; detection method; elemental carbon; organic carbon; organic compound; particulate matter; pollutant source; source apportionment; winter, aerosol; Article; atmosphere; biomass; gas; mass fragmentography; oxidation; particulate matter; principal component analysis; priority journal; winter, Cyprus; Mediterranean Region
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117622
