Τίτλος:
Phytochemical characteristics of bergamot oranges from the Ionian islands of Greece: A multi-analytical approach with emphasis in the distribution of neohesperidose flavanones
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
The present study describes the peculiar phytochemical characteristics of bergamots cultivated in distinct islands of the Ionian Sea. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) supported by 1 and 2D NMR spectroscopy was used for unambiguous metabolic profiling of albedo, flavedo and juice samples. Profile differences were determined using a multi-analytical clustering approach based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprints and UHPLC-HRMS data. Finally, a validated HPLC method offering good precision (0.12–0.94%) and accuracy (95.25–103.93%) was proposed for the quantification of the major flavanones. A total of 37 secondary metabolites were characterized belonging to flavonoids, limonoids and coumarins. Their distribution was tissue-dependent and varied significantly from bergamots of other geographical locations. Surprisingly, neoeriocitrin was the major flavanone, reaching 1.69 ± 0.05 g/L in the juice and 5.24 ± 0.12 mg/g in albedo. This is the highest reported amount among Citrus species, rendering Ionian bergamots a promising candidate for novel functional products. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Συγγραφείς:
Tsiokanos, E.
Tsafantakis, N.
Termentzi, A.
Aligiannis, N.
Skaltsounis, L.A.
Fokialakis, N.
Περιοδικό:
Food Chemistry
Εκδότης:
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Solar radiation; Thin layer chromatography, 2D-NMR spectroscopy; Clustering approach; Functional products; Geographical locations; High performance thin layer chromatography; Metabolic profiling; Secondary metabolites; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatographies, Flavonoids, 6' 7' dihydroxybergamottin; aurantiin; bergamjuicin; bergamottin; bergapten; bergaptol; brutieridin; chrysoeriol 7 o neohesperidoside; citropten; eriocitrin; eriodictyol 7 o glucoside; flavanone derivative; glucoside; limonin; limonin glucoside; lucenin 2; lucenin 2 4' methylether; luteolin 7 neohesperidoside; melitidin; naringin 6'' malonate; narirutin; neodiosmin; neoeriocitrin; neohesperidin; nomilin; nomilin glucoside; nomilinic acid; nomilinic acid glucoside; orientin 4' methylether; phytochemical; picraquassioside a; pinocembrin 7 o neohesperidoside; rhoifolin; rhoifolin 4' o glucoside; scoparin; sinensetin; stellarin 2; tangeretin; unclassified drug; vicenin 2; vitexin; disaccharide; flavanone derivative; neoeriocitrin; phytochemical, albedo; analytic method; Article; bergamot juice; chemical fingerprinting; drug isolation; epicarp; Greece; hierarchical clustering; high performance liquid chromatography; high performance thin layer chromatography; Ionian Sea; limit of detection; limit of quantitation; mass spectrometry; metabolic fingerprinting; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; orange juice; phytogeography; reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography; validation study; chemistry; Citrus; cluster analysis; fruit; island (geological); metabolism; thin layer chromatography, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Citrus; Cluster Analysis; Disaccharides; Flavanones; Fruit; Greece; Islands; Mass Spectrometry; Phytochemicals
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128400