Περίληψη:
Peripheral myopathy consists of a hallmark of heart failure (HF).
Exercise enhanced skeletal muscle angiogenesis, and thus, it can be
further beneficial towards the HF-induced myopathy. However, there is
limited evidence regarding the exercise type that elicits optimum
angiogenic responses of skeletal muscle in HF patients. This study aimed
to (a) compare the effects of a high-intensity-interval-training (HIIT)
or combined HIIT with strength training (COM) exercise protocol on the
expression of angiogenesis-related factors in skeletal muscle of HF
patients, and (b) examine the potential associations between the
expression of those genes and capillarization in the trained muscles.
Thirteen male patients with chronic HF (age: 51 +/- 13 y; BMI: 27 +/- 4
kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to a 3-month exercise program that
consisted of either HIIT (N = 6) or COM training (N = 7). Vastus
lateralis muscle biopsies were performed pre- and post-training. RT-PCR
was used to quantify the fold changes in mRNA expression of vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor
receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha),
angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin 2 (Ang-2), angiopoietin receptor
(Tie2), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), and immunohistochemistry
to assess capillarization in skeletal muscle post-training. There was an
overall increase in the expression levels of VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF-1 alpha,
Ang2, and MMP9 post-training, while these changes were not different
among groups. Changes in capillary-to-fibre ratio were found to be
strongly associated with Tie2 and HIF-1 alpha expression. This was the
first study demonstrating that both HIIT and combined HIIT with strength
training enhanced similarly the expression profile of angiogenic factors
in skeletal muscle of HF patients, possibly driving the angiogenic
program in the trained muscles, although those gene expression increases
were found to be only partially related with muscle capillarization.
Συγγραφείς:
Tryfonos, Andrea
Tzanis, Giorgos
Pitsolis, Theodore and
Karatzanos, Eleftherios
Koutsilieris, Michael
Nanas, Serafim and
Philippou, Anastassios
