Περίληψη:
Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been
classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have
explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult
cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the
“Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe” (ELAPSE)
project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to
2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate
matter with diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), warm-season
ozone (O-3), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron,
zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated
by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants’
residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution
and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting
for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer-free adults at baseline,
512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We
observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95%
confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 mu g/m(3)), PM2.5 (1.12,
0.92-1.36 per 5 mu g/m(3)), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10(-5)/m)
and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in
two-pollutant models with PM2.5. Most components of PM2.5 were
associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest
associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment
for PM2.5 or NO2. Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may
increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current
EU standards.
Συγγραφείς:
So, Rina
Chen, Jie
Mehta, Amar J.
Liu, Shuo
Strak,
Maciej
Wolf, Kathrin
Hvidtfeldt, Ulla A.
Rodopoulou, Sophia
and Stafoggia, Massimo
Klompmaker, Jochem O.
Samoli, Evangelia
and Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
Atkinson, Richard
Bauwelinck, Mariska
and Bellander, Tom
Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine
Brandt,
Jorgen
Brunekreef, Bert
Cesaroni, Giulia
Concin, Hans and
Forastiere, Francesco
van Gils, Carla H.
Gulliver, John and
Hertel, Ole
Hoffmann, Barbara
de Hoogh, Kees
Janssen, Nicole
and Lim, Youn-Hee
Westendorp, Rudi
Jorgensen, Jeanette T. and
Katsouyanni, Klea
Ketzel, Matthias
Lager, Anton
Lang, Alois
and Ljungman, Petter L.
Magnusson, Patrik K. E.
Nagel, Gabriele
and Simonsen, Mette K.
Pershagen, Goran
Peter, Raphael S. and
Peters, Annette
Renzi, Matteo
Rizzuto, Debora
Sigsgaard,
Torben
Vienneau, Danielle
Weinmayr, Gudrun
Severi, Gianluca
and Fecht, Daniela
Tjonneland, Anne
Leander, Karin
Hoek,
Gerard
Andersen, Zorana J.
