Περίληψη:
In spite of recent advances in describing the health outcomes of exposure to nanoparticles (NPs), it still remains unclear how exactly NPs interact with their cellular targets. Size, surface, mass, geometry, and composition may all play a beneficial role as well as causing toxicity. Concerns of scientists, politicians and the public about potential health hazards associated with NPs need to be answered. With the variety of exposure routes available, there is potential for NPs to reach every organ in the body but we know little about the impact this might have. The main objective of the FP7 NanoTEST project (www.nanotest-fp7.eu) was a better understanding of mechanisms of interactions of NPs employed in nanomedicine with cells, tissues and organs and to address critical issues relating to toxicity testing especially with respect to alternatives to tests on animals. Here we describe an approach towards alternative testing strategies for hazard and risk assessment of nanomaterials, highlighting the adaptation of standard methods demanded by the special physicochemical features of nanomaterials and bioavailability studies. The work has assessed a broad range of toxicity tests, cell models and NP types and concentrations taking into account the inherent impact of NP properties and the effects of changes in experimental conditions using well-characterized NPs. The results of the studies have been used to generate recommendations for a suitable and robust testing strategy which can be applied to new medical NPs as they are developed. © 2015 Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
Συγγραφείς:
Dusinska, M.
Boland, S.
Saunders, M.
Juillerat-Jeanneret, L.
Tran, L.
Pojana, G.
Marcomini, A.
Volkovova, K.
Tulinska, J.
Knudsen, L.E.
Gombau, L.
Whelan, M.
Collins, A.R.
Marano, F.
Housiadas, C.
Bilanicova, D.
Halamoda Kenzaoui, B.
Correia Carreira, S.
Magdolenova, Z.
Fjellsbo, L.M.
Huk, A.
Handy, R.
Walker, L.
Barancokova, M.
Bartonova, A.
Burello, E.
Castell, J.
Cowie, H.
Drlickova, M.
Guadagnini, R.
Harris, G.
Harju, M.
Heimstad, E.S.
Hurbankova, M.
Kazimirova, A.
Kovacikova, Z.
Kuricova, M.
Liskova, A.
Milcamps, A.
Neubauerova, E.
Palosaari, T.
Papazafiri, P.
Pilou, M.
Poulsen, M.S.
Ross, B.
Runden-Pran, E.
Sebekova, K.
Staruchova, M.
Vallotto, D.
Worth, A.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
nanomaterial; nanoparticle, adsorption; Article; bioavailability; cell activation; cellular distribution; chemical composition; concentration (parameters); crystal structure; dispersion; hazard assessment; high throughput screening; human; hydrophobicity; material coating; micronucleus test; molecular interaction; nanomedicine; neutron scattering; oxidative stress; particle size; pH; physical chemistry; priority journal; quantitative structure activity relation; risk assessment; salinity; solubility; standard; surface charge; surface property; temperature; toxicity assay; toxicity testing; transport assay; transport kinetics; water hardness; in vitro study; nanomedicine; procedures; standards; toxicity testing, Animalia, Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Toxicity Tests
