Περίληψη:
The origins of the Bronze Age Minoan and Mycenaean cultures have puzzled archaeologists for more than a century. We have assembled genome-wide data from 19 ancient individuals, including Minoans from Crete, Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, and their eastern neighbours from southwestern Anatolia. Here we show that Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, having at least three-quarters of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and the Aegean, and most of the remainder from ancient populations related to those of the Caucasus and Iran. However, the Mycenaeans differed from Minoans in deriving additional ancestry from an ultimate source related to the hunter-gatherers of eastern Europe and Siberia, introduced via a proximal source related to the inhabitants of either the Eurasian steppe or Armenia. Modern Greeks resemble the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the Early Neolithic ancestry. Our results support the idea of continuity but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean, before and after the time of its earliest civilizations. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
Συγγραφείς:
Lazaridis, I.
Mittnik, A.
Patterson, N.
Mallick, S.
Rohland, N.
Pfrengle, S.
Furtwängler, A.
Peltzer, A.
Posth, C.
Vasilakis, A.
McGeorge, P.J.P.
Konsolaki-Yannopoulou, E.
Korres, G.
Martlew, H.
Michalodimitrakis, M.
Özsait, M.
Özsait, N.
Papathanasiou, A.
Richards, M.
Roodenberg, S.A.
Tzedakis, Y.
Arnott, R.
Fernandes, D.M.
Hughey, J.R.
Lotakis, D.M.
Navas, P.A.
Maniatis, Y.
Stamatoyannopoulos, J.A.
Stewardson, K.
Stockhammer, P.
Pinhasi, R.
Reich, D.
Krause, J.
Stamatoyannopoulos, G.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
ancient DNA; mitochondrial DNA, Bronze Age; civilization; common ancestry; culture; dilution; genetic analysis; genetic structure; human evolution; hunter-gatherer; Neolithic; relatedness; steppe, Armenia; Article; Bronze Age; Eastern Europe; genetic variation; genetics; Greece; human; Iran; Mesolithic; Neolithic; phenotype; priority journal; Russian Federation; single nucleotide polymorphism; solution hybridization; ethnic group; female; genetics; history; male; migration; phylogeny; principal component analysis; X chromosome, Aegean Islands; Anatolia; Armenia [West Asia]; Caucasus; Crete [Greece]; Greece; Iran; Turkey, Chromosomes, Human, X; Ethnic Groups; Female; Greece; History, Ancient; Human Migration; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Principal Component Analysis
