Περίληψη:
With data from 33 nations, we illustrate the differences between cultures that are tight (have many strong norms and a low tolerance of deviant behavior) versus loose (have weak social norms and a high tolerance of deviant behavior). Tightness-looseness is part of a complex, loosely integrated multilevel system that comprises distal ecological and historical threats (e.g., high population density, resource scarcity, a history of territorial conflict, and disease and environmental threats), broad versus narrow socialization in societal institutions (e.g., autocracy, media regulations), the strength of everyday recurring situations, and micro-level psychological affordances (e.g., prevention self-guides, high regulatory strength, need for structure). This research advances knowledge that can foster cross-cultural understanding in a world of increasing global interdependence and has implications for modeling cultural change.
Συγγραφείς:
Gelfand, M.J.
Raver, J.L.
Nishii, L.
Leslie, L.M.
Lun, J.
Lim, B.C.
Duan, L.
Almaliach, A.
Ang, S.
Arnadottir, J.
Aycan, Z.
Boehnke, K.
Boski, P.
Cabecinhas, R.
Chan, D.
Chhokar, J.
D'Amato, A.
Ferrer, M.
Fischlmayr, I.C.
Fischer, R.
Fülöp, M.
Georgas, J.
Kashima, E.S.
Kashima, Y.
Kim, K.
Lempereur, A.
Marquez, P.
Othman, R.
Overlaet, B.
Panagiotopoulou, P.
Peltzer, K.
Perez-Florizno, L.R.
Ponomarenko, L.
Realo, A.
Schei, V.
Schmitt, M.
Smith, P.B.
Soomro, N.
Szabo, E.
Taveesin, N.
Toyama, M.
Van De Vliert, E.
Vohra, N.
Ward, C.
Yamaguchi, S.
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
cultural change; cultural tradition; database; ecological approach; global perspective; human behavior; population density; psychology; resource availability; tolerance, article; controlled study; cultural anthropology; cultural value; ecological niche; environmental factor; human; population density; population structure; priority journal; resource allocation; social behavior; socialization; territoriality
