Τίτλος:
Measuring biomarkers in wastewater as a new source of epidemiological information: Current state and future perspectives
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
The information obtained from the chemical analysis of specific human excretion products (biomarkers) in urban wastewater can be used to estimate the exposure or consumption of the population under investigation to a defined substance. A proper biomarker can provide relevant information about lifestyle habits, health and wellbeing, but its selection is not an easy task as it should fulfil several specific requirements in order to be successfully employed. This paper aims to summarize the current knowledge related to the most relevant biomarkers used so far. In addition, some potential wastewater biomarkers that could be used for future applications were evaluated. For this purpose, representative chemical classes have been chosen and grouped in four main categories: (i) those that provide estimates of lifestyle factors and substance use, (ii) those used to estimate the exposure to toxicants present in the environment and food, (iii) those that have the potential to provide information about public health and illness and (iv) those used to estimate the population size. To facilitate the evaluation of the eligibility of a compound as a biomarker, information, when available, on stability in urine and wastewater and pharmacokinetic data (i.e. metabolism and urinary excretion profile) has been reviewed. Finally, several needs and recommendations for future research are proposed. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Συγγραφείς:
Gracia-Lor, E.
Castiglioni, S.
Bade, R.
Been, F.
Castrignanò, E.
Covaci, A.
González-Mariño, I.
Hapeshi, E.
Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.
Kinyua, J.
Lai, F.Y.
Letzel, T.
Lopardo, L.
Meyer, M.R.
O'Brien, J.
Ramin, P.
Rousis, N.I.
Rydevik, A.
Ryu, Y.
Santos, M.M.
Senta, I.
Thomaidis, N.S.
Veloutsou, S.
Yang, Z.
Zuccato, E.
Bijlsma, L.
Περιοδικό:
Environment International
Εκδότης:
Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Chemical analysis; Epidemiology; Population statistics; Public health; Wastewater, Consumption; Exposure; Future applications; Future perspectives; Pharmacokinetic data; Population; Urban wastewater; Urinary excretion, Biomarkers, 4 hydroxybenzoic acid ester; alcohol; antibiotic agent; benzodiazepine derivative; biological marker; caffeine; chemical compound; DNA; flame retardant; illicit drug; mycotoxin; nicotine; pesticide; plasticizer; psychotropic agent; sweetening agent; toxin; unclassified drug; biological marker; drug, biomarker; epidemiology; estimation method; population dynamics; urine; wastewater, chemical analysis; chemical parameters; diseases; environmental exposure; environmental health; epidemiological data; food contamination; health behavior; health hazard; human; lifestyle; nonhuman; population size; public health; Review; substance use; tobacco; ultraviolet radiation; urinary excretion; waste water; wellbeing; analysis; pollutant; population density; public health; waste water, Biomarkers; Environmental Pollutants; Humans; Life Style; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population Density; Public Health; Waste Water
DOI:
10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.016
