Περίληψη:
Background: Few recent studies examined acute effects on health of individual chemical species in the particulate matter (PM) mixture, and most of them have been conducted in North America. Studies in Southern Europe are scarce. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between particulate matter constituents and daily hospital admissions and mortality in five cities in Southern Europe. Methods: The study included five cities in Southern Europe, three cities in Spain: Barcelona (2003-2010), Madrid (2007-2008) and Huelva (2003-2010); and two cities in Italy: Rome (2005-2007) and Bologna (2011-2013). A case-crossover design was used to link cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality with a pre-defined list of 16 PM10and PM2.5constituents. Lags 0 to 2 were examined. City-specific results were combined by random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Most of the elements studied, namely EC, SO4 2-, SiO2,Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ti, Mn, V and Ni, showed increased percent changes in cardiovascular and/or respiratory hospitalizations, mainly at lags 0 and 1. The percent increase by one interquartile range (IQR) change ranged from 0.69% to 3.29%. After adjustment for total PM levels, only associations for Mn, Zn and Ni remained significant. For mortality, although positive associations were identified (Fe and Ti for total mortality; EC and Mg for cardiovascular mortality; and NO3 -for respiratory mortality) the patterns were less clear. Conclusions: The associations found in this study reflect that several PM constituents, originating from different sources, may drive previously reported results between PM and hospital admissions in the Mediterranean area. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Συγγραφείς:
Basagaña, X.
Jacquemin, B.
Karanasiou, A.
Ostro, B.
Querol, X.
Agis, D.
Alessandrini, E.
Alguacil, J.
Artiñano, B.
Catrambone, M.
De La Rosa, J.D.
Díaz, J.
Faustini, A.
Ferrari, S.
Forastiere, F.
Katsouyanni, K.
Linares, C.
Perrino, C.
Ranzi, A.
Ricciardelli, I.
Samoli, E.
Zauli-Sajani, S.
Sunyer, J.
Stafoggia, M.
Angelini, P.
Berti, G.
Bisanti, L.
Cadum, E.
Chiusolo, M.
Davoli, M.
De'Donato, F.
Demaria, M.
Gandini, M.
Grosa, M.
Pandolfi, P.
Pelosini, R.
Pietrodangelo, A.
Pizzi, L.
Poluzzi, V.
Priod, G.
Randi, G.
Rowinski, M.
Scarinzi, C.
Stivanello, E.
Dimakopoulou, K.
Elefteriadis, K.
Kelessis, A.
Maggos, T.
Michalopoulos, N.
Pateraki, S.
Petrakakis, M.
Rodopoulou, S.
Sypsa, V.
Barrera-Gómez, J.
Fernandez, R.
Perez, N.
Pey, J.
Salvador, P.
Sanchez, A.M.
Tobias, A.
Bidondo, M.
Declercq, C.
Le Tertre, A.
Lozano, P.
Medina, S.
Pascal, L.
Pascal, M.
MED-PARTICLES Study group
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Hospitals; Random processes; Silica, Chemical constituents; Hospital admissions; Mortality; Particulate Matter; Species, Particles (particulate matter), calcium; carbon; copper; iron; manganese; nickel; nitrate; silicon dioxide; sulfate; sulfur dioxide; titanium; vanadium; zinc; air pollutant; heavy metal; nitric acid derivative; particulate matter; sulfate, cardiovascular disease; health geography; health impact; health risk; Mediterranean environment; mortality; particulate matter; respiratory disease, air pollution; Article; cardiovascular disease; chemical composition; environmental health; geographic distribution; hospital admission; hospitalization; human; mortality; particulate matter; respiratory tract disease; risk factor; Southern Europe; air pollutant; analysis; Cardiovascular Diseases; city; hospitalization; Italy; particle size; particulate matter; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Spain; statistics and numerical data, Andalucia; Barcelona [Barcelona (PRV)]; Barcelona [Catalonia]; Bologna [Bologna (PRV)]; Bologna [Emilia-Romagna]; Catalonia; Emilia-Romagna; Huelva [Andalucia]; Huelva [Huelva (PRV)]; Italy; Lazio; Madrid [Madrid (ADS/PRV)]; Madrid [Spain]; Roma [Lazio]; Rome; Spain, Air Pollutants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cities; Hospitalization; Humans; Italy; Metals, Heavy; Nitrates; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Spain; Sulfates
