Περίληψη:
Background: Few studies have investigated the independent health effects of different size fractions of particulate matter (PM) in multiple locations, especially in Europe. Objectives: We estimated the short-term effects of PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ ; 10; μm (PM10), ≤ 2.5; μm (PM2.5), and between 2.5 and 10; μm (PM2.5-10) on all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in 10 European Mediterranean metropolitan areas within the MED-PARTICLES project. Methods: We analyzed data from each city using Poisson regression models, and combined city-specific estimates to derive overall effect estimates. We evaluated the sensitivity of our estimates to co-pollutant exposures and city-specific model choice, and investigated effect modification by age, sex, and season. We applied distributed lag and threshold models to investigate temporal patterns of associations. Results: A 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.55% (95% CI: 0.27, 0.84%) increase in all-cause mortality (0-1 day cumulative lag), and a 1.91% increase (95% CI: 0.71, 3.12%) in respiratory mortality (0-5 day lag). In general, associations were stronger for cardiovascular and respiratory mortality than all-cause mortality, during warm versus cold months, and among those ≥ 75 versus < 75 years of age. Associations with PM2.5-10 were positive but not statistically significant in most analyses, whereas associations with PM10 seemed to be driven by PM2.5. Conclusions: We found evidence of adverse effects of PM2.5 on mortality outcomes in the European Mediterranean region. Associations with PM2.5-10 were positive but smaller in magnitude. Associations were stronger for respiratory mortality when cumulative exposures were lagged over 0-5 days, and were modified by season and age.
Συγγραφείς:
Samoli, E.
Stafoggia, M.
Rodopoulou, S.
Ostro, B.
Declercq, C.
Alessandrini, E.
Díaz, J.
Karanasiou, A.
Kelessis, A.G.
Tertre, A.L.
Pandolfi, P.
Randi, G.
Scarinzi, C.
Zauli-Sajani, S.
Katsouyanni, K.
Forastiere, F.
Alessandrini, E.
Angelini, P.
Berti, G.
Bisanti, L.
Cadum, E.
Catrambone, M.
Chiusolo, M.
Davoli, M.
de’ Donato, F.
Demaria, M.
Gandini, M.
Grosa, M.
Faustini, A.
Ferrari, S.
Forastiere, F.
Pandolfi, P.
Pelosini, R.
Perrino, C.
Pietrodangelo, A.
Pizzi, L.
Poluzzi, V.
Priod, G.
Randi, G.
Ranzi, A.
Rowinski, M.
Scarinzi, C.
Stivanello, E.
Zauli-Sajani, S.
Dimakopoulou, K.
Elefteriadis, K.
Katsouyanni, K.
G.Kelessis, A.
Maggos, T.
Michalopoulos, N.
Pateraki, S.
Petrakakis, M.
Rodopoulou, S.
Samoli, E.
Sypsa, V.
Agis, D.
Alguacil, J.
Artiñano, B.
Barrera-Gómez, J.
Basagaña, X.
de la Rosa, J.
Diaz, J.
Fernandez, R.
Jacquemin, B.
Linares, C.
Ostro, B.
Pérez, N.
Pey, J.
Querol, X.
Sanchez, AM.
Sunyer, J.
Tobias, A.
Bidondo, M.
Declercq, C.
Le Tertre, A.
Lozano, P.
Medina, S.
Pascal, L.
Pascal, M.
MED-PARTICLES Study Group:
