Τίτλος:
Air pollution and inflammation (Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen) in myocardial infarction survivors
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
Background: Numerous studies have found that ambient air pollution has been associated with cardiovascular disease exacerbation. Objectives: Given previous findings, we hypothesized that particulate air pollution might induce systemic inflammation in myocardial infarction (MI) survivors, contributing to an increased vulnerability to elevated concentrations of ambient particles. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study of 1,003 MI survivors was performed in six European cities between May 2003 and July 2004. We compared repeated measurements of interleukin 6 (IL-6), fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) with concurrent levels of air pollution. We collected hourly data on particle number concentrations (PNC), mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM) < 10 μm (PM10) and < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), gaseous pollutants, and meteorologic data at central monitoring sites in each city. City-specific confounder models were built for each blood marker separately, adjusting for meteorology and time varying and time invariant covariates. Data were analaysed with mixed-effects models. Results: Pooled rsults show an increase in IL-6 when cncentrations of PNC were elevated 12-17 hr before blood withdrawal [percent change of geometric mean, 2.7; 95% cionfidence interval (CI), 1.0-4.6). Five day cumulative exposure to PM10 was associated with increasded fibrinogen concentrations (percent change of arithmentic mean, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1-1). Results remained stable for smokers, diabetics, and patients with heart failure. No consistent associations were found for CRP. Conclusions: Results indicate an immediate respnse to PNC on the IL-6 level, possibly leading to the production of acute-phase proteins, as seen in increased fibrinogen levels. This might provide a link between air pollution and adverse cardiac events.
Συγγραφείς:
Rückerl, R.
Greven, S.
Ljungman, P.
Aalto, P.
Antoniades, C.
Bellander, T.
Berglind, N.
Chrysohoou, C.
Forastiere, F.
Jacquemin, B.
von Klot, S.
Koenig, W.
Küchenhoff, H.
Lanki, T.
Pekkanen, J.
Perucci, C.A.
Schneider, A.
Sunyer, J.
Peters, A.
Περιοδικό:
Environmental Health Perspectives
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
acute phase protein; C reactive protein; fibrinogen; interleukin 6, adult; aged; air pollution; ambient air; article; cigarette smoking; confidence interval; controlled study; diabetes mellitus; disease association; disease exacerbation; exhaust gas; female; fibrinogen blood level; Finland; Germany; Greece; heart failure; heart infarction; human; hypothesis; inflammation; Italy; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; meteorological phenomena; particulate matter; pollution monitoring; priority journal; protein blood level; Spain; survivor; Sweden; time series analysis, Air Pollution; C-Reactive Protein; Fibrinogen; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Myocardial Infarction
