Τίτλος:
Direct urine analysis for the identification and quantification of selected benzodiazepines for toxicology screening
Γλώσσες Τεκμηρίου:
Αγγλικά
Περίληψη:
A simple and rapid LC/MS method with direct injection analysis was developed and validated for the identification and quantification of ten benzodiazepines (flunitrazepam, nordiazepam, diazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, flurazepam, bromazepam, midazolam, alprazolam, temazepam and oxazepam) in human urine using diazepam-d5 as internal standard (IS). The main advantage of the proposed methodology is the minimal sample preparation procedure, as diluted urine samples were directly injected into LC/MS system. Electrospray ionization in positive mode using selected ion monitoring was chosen for the identification and quantification of the analytes. The linear range was 50-1000ng/mL for each analyte, with square correlation coefficient (r 2)≥0.981. Interday and intraday errors were found to be ≤5.72%. The LC/MS method was applied at ten real samples found initially to be positive and negative, using immunoassay technique. Finally the results were confirmed with GC/MS. The method demonstrates simplicity and fast sample preparation, accuracy and specificity of the analytes which make it suitable for replacement of immunoassay screening in urine avoiding thus false negative/false positive results. Using this method, laboratories may overcome the problem of high cost instrumentation such as LC-MS/MS by providing similar sensitivity and specificity with other methods. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..
Συγγραφείς:
Karampela, S.
Vardakou, I.
Papoutsis, I.
Dona, A.
Spiliopoulou, C.
Athanaselis, S.
Pistos, C.
Περιοδικό:
Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
Λέξεις-κλειδιά:
Alprazolam; Analytes; Benzodiazepines; Bromazepam; Correlation coefficient; Direct injection analysis; False negatives; Flunitrazepam; High costs; Human urine; Immunoassay techniques; Internal standards; LC-MS/MS; LC/MS; Linear range; Midazolam; Minimal sample; Oxazepam; Positive mode; Real samples; Sample preparation; Selected ion monitoring; Sensitivity and specificity; Toxicology screening; Urine analysis; Urine sample, Chemical analysis; Direct injection; Electrospray ionization; Immunology; Screening, Body fluids, 7 aminoflunitrazepam; alprazolam; benzodiazepine; bromazepam; diazepam; flunitrazepam; flurazepam; midazolam; nordazepam; oxazepam; temazepam, accuracy; article; drug urine level; electrospray; false negative result; false positive result; human; immunoassay; ion monitoring; liquid chromatography; mass fragmentography; mass spectrometry; measurement error; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; urinalysis, Benzodiazepines; Chromatography, Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Least-Squares Analysis; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
DOI:
10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.06.012
